Plants Introduced |   |   |   |   |   |
1776-1849 | • Native plant |   |   |   |   |
Scientific name | Common Name | Height | Spread | Texture | Seasonal int |
Annuals |   |   |   |   |   |
Amaranthus hypochondriacus | Love-lies-bleeding | 54" | 20" | Coarse | Summer |
Anagallis arvensis | Red Pimpernel | 18" | 18" | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Antirrhinum majus | Snapdragon | 10"-30" | 12"-18" | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Aquilegia skinneri | Columbine | 36" | 24" | Fine | Summer |
Browallia americana | • Upright Browallia | 24" | 24" | Medium | Summer |
Canna indica | Canna | 96" | 30" | Medium | Summer |
Celsia orientalis | Oriental Celsia |   |   |   | Summer |
Cerinthe major | Great Purple Honey-wort | 18" |   |   | Summer |
Chenopodium botrys | Sweet-scented Goosefoot | 24"-36" | 12"-36" |   | Summer |
Chrysanthemum carinatum | Three-colored Chrysanthemum | 24" | 12" | Medium | Early Summer |
Chrysanthemum coronarium | Crown Daisy |   |   |   | Summer-Fall |
Claytonia virginica | • Virginian Claytonia | 4"8" | 6" | Medium | Summer |
Cleome sp. | Five-leafed Cleome | 48" |   | Fine | Summer |
Coix lacryma-jobi | Job's Tears [grass] | 36"-72" | 36"-60" | Fine | Fall |
Cucumis melo var. dudaim | Dudaim Cucumber |   |   |   | Summer |
Cucurbita pepo var. ovifera | Egg Gourd [ornamental] |   |   |   | Summer |
Dahlia sp. | Dahlia | 15"-48" | 10"-24" | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Datura metel | Double Purple Stramonium [toxic] | 60" | 60" | Coarse | Summer |
Dimorphotheca annua | Small Cape Marigold | 8"-12" | 8"-12" | Medium | Spring |
Dimorphotheca hybrida | Large Cape Marigold | 12" | 12" | Medium | Spring |
Dracocephalum moldavica | Moldavian Balm | 24" | 12" |   | Summer |
Euphorbia marginata | • Snow-on-the-mountain | 24" | 12" | Medium | Summer |
Ipomoea alba | Moonflower [vine] | 20' |   | Coarse | Summer |
Gladiolus communis | European Corn-flag | 36" | 24" | Medium | Summer |
Helianthus annus var. nanus | • Dwarf Annual Sunflower | 24" | 12" | Coarse | Summer |
Helianthus atrorubens | Dark-eye Sunflower |   |   |   | Summer |
Helianthus annus 'Russian Giant' | Gigantic Sunflower | 96"-120" | 36" | Coarse | Summer |
Houstonia (Hedyotis) purpurea | • Purple-flowered Houstonia | 12"-60" | 10"-24" | Fine | Summer |
Heliotropum arborescens or peruvianum | Heliotrope [Victorian container plant-toxic] | 18"-24" | 18"-24" | Medium | Summer |
Iberis amora | White Candy-tuft | 12" | 6" | Fine | Summer |
Impatiens noli tangere | Touch-me-not | 48" | 36" | Medium | Summer |
Ipomoea purpurea (indica) | Morning Glory vine | 120" |   | Medium | Summer |
Kochia scoparia | Summer Cypress | 24"-36" | 18"-24" | Fine | Fall |
Lobularia maritima | Sweet Alyssum | 4"-8" | 10"-15" | Fine | Summer |
Lupinus albus | • White Annual Lupin | 12"-48" | 6"-18" | Medium | Summer |
Lupinus angustifolius | • Narrow-leafed Blue Lupin |   |   | Med.Fine | Summer |
Lupinus varius | • Small Blue lupin |   |   | Medium | Summer |
Malcolmia maritima | Annual Stock | 8" | 3" | Medium | Summer |
Menyanthes trifoliata | Bog Bean [aquatic] | 12" |   |   | Summer |
Mesembryanthemum | Ice Plant [ground cover] | 4" |   | Medium | Summer |
Mirabilis dichotomous | Four O'Clock | 24"-48" | 8" | Medium | Summer |
Mirabilis jalapa | Clammy Marvel of Peru |   |   |   | Late Summer |
Mirabilis longiflora | Sweet-scented Marvel of Peru |   |   |   | Summer |
Molucella laevis | Shell Flower | 36" | 18" |   | Summer |
Monarda punctata | • Yellow-flowered Monarda | 36" | 12" | Coarse | Summer |
Nelumbo pentapetala | • American Lotus [aquatic container plant] |   |   |   | Summer |
Nymphaea alba | European White Water Lily [zone 6, potted] |   | 120" | Coarse | Summer |
Pelargonium peltatum | Geranium | 6" | 36" | Medium | Summer |
Phaseolus coccineus | Scarlet Kidney Bean |   |   |   |   |
Phlox drummondii | • Annual Phlox | 15" | 8" | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Proboscides sp. | • Unicorn Plant | 15" |   |   |   |
Ricinus communis | Castor-oil Plant | 12' |   | Coarse | Summer |
Senecio elegans | Purple Ragwort | 24" |   |   | Summer |
Stipa pennata | Wild Oats | 18" | 36" | Fine | Summer-Winter |
Verbena x hybrida | Garden Verbena | 6"-8" | Trailing | Medium | Summer |
Vicia oroboides | Upright Bitter Vetch | 30" | 48" | Medium | Summer |
Viola lanceolata | • Bog white Violet | 4" | 4" | Medium | Spring |
Viola odorata | Sweet Violet | 6"-8" | 12"-15" | Medium | Spring |
Viola primulifolia | Primrose-leafed Violet |   |   | Medium | Spring |
Viola pubescens | • Downy Yellow Violet | 15" |   | Medium | Spring |
Viola rotundifolia | • Yellow round-leafed Violet | 2"-5" | 5" | Medium | Spring |
Xeranthemum annum | Eternal Flower | 24" | 18" |   | Summer |
Zinnia elegans | Violet-colored Zinnia | 24"-30" | 18"-24" | Medium | Summer |
Zinnia multiflora | Red Zinnia | 12"-36" | 12"-18" | Medium | Summer |
Zinnia pauciflora | Yellow Zinnia | 12"-36'" | 12"-18" | Medium | Summer |
  |   |   |   |   |   |
Annual Herbs |   |   |   |   |   |
Achillea ageratum | Sweet Yarrow | 24" | 24" | Medium | Fall |
Aliium canadense | • Canada Garlic | 12" | 6" | Fine | Summer |
Allium cernum | • Lady's Leek | 12"-24" | 6" | Fine | Summer |
Allium moly | Yellow Garlic | 15" | 15" | Medium | Summer |
Allium oleraceum | Purple-striped Garlic | 30"-36" | 6" |   | Summer |
Anagallis arvensis | Pimpernel | 18" | 18" | Medium | Fall |
Artemisia vulgaris | Common Mugwort | 12"-24" | 24" | Fine | Late Summer |
Chelidonium majus | Celandine | 24"-48" | 24" |   | Spring-Fall |
Chenopodium ambrosioides | • Mexican Tea [herb] | 36" | 18"-24" | Fine | Summer |
Cnicus benedictus | Blessed Thistle | 48"-60" | 48" | Coarse | Summer |
Cochlearia officinalis | Scurvy-grass | 18" | 18" | Fine | Spring-Summer |
Ocimum minimum | Bush Basil | 18" | 18" | Fine | Summer |
Ricinus communis | Castor Bean (vine) | 144" |   | Coarse | Summer |
Satureja hortensis | Summer Savory | 15" | 15" | Fine | Summer |
Trigonella foenum-graecum | Fenugreek | 24" | 24" | Med. Fine | Summer |
Urtica dioica | Stinging Nettle | 24" |   | Med. Fine | Spring-Fall |
Valerianella olitoria | • Corn-sallad |   | 10" | Medium | Spring-Fall |
  |   |   |   |   |   |
Vegetables |   |   |   |   |   |
[1776-1849 & earlier] |   |   |   |   |   |
Agaricus campestris | Mushroom [zone 5] |   |   |   |   |
Allium canadense | • Meadow Leek | 12" | 12" |   | Summer |
Allium cepa | Shallot |   |   |   | Summer |
Allium flavum | Small Yellow Onion [zone 5] | 8" |   |   |   |
Allium porrum | Leek [zone 5] | 36" |   |   |   |
Allium scorodoprasum | Giant Garlic |   |   |   | Summer |
Apios americana | Ground nut | 12" |   | Medium | Spring |
Apium graveolens var. rapuceum | Turnip-root Celery |   |   |   | Summer |
Armorica rusticana | Horse Radish | 18"-24" | 18"-24" |   | Summer |
Atriplex hortensis | English Lamb's Quarter, Large Green & Red-leafed |   |   |   | Summer |
Brassica oleracea var. acephala & others | Kale |   |   |   | Summer |
Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera | Brussels Sprouts |   |   |   | Summer |
Brassica oleracea var. italica | Italian Broccoli |   |   |   | Summer |
Cichorium endiva | Green, White, or Broad-Leaf Endive |   |   |   | Summer |
Crambe maritima | Sea Kale, Cabbage |   |   |   | Summer |
Cucumis anguria | Prickly Cucumber |   |   |   | Summer |
Lycopersicon esculentum | Tomato, Love Apple |   |   |   | Summer |
Nasturtium officinale | Water Cress | 18" |   |   | Spring-Fall |
Rumex acetosa | Garden Sorrel | 36" |   |   | Summer |
Scorzonera hispanica | Black Salsify |   |   |   | Summer |
Solanum melongena | Egg Plant |   |   |   | Summer |
Tragopogon porrifolius | Salsify |   |   |   | Summer |
Vicia faba | Garden Bean, many varieties |   |   |   | Summer |
Vigna unguiculata | Yard-long Bean [vine] |   | 36" |   | Summer |
  |   |   |   |   |   |
Biennials |   |   |   |   |   |
Alcea rosea 'Nigra' | Hollyhock | 72" | 12" | Coarse | Summer-Fall |
Adlumia fungosa | • Climbing Fumitory [vine] | 6'-10' |   | Fine | Summer-Fall |
Campanula pyramidalis | Chimney bellflower | 60" | 36" | Medium | Summer |
Digitalis grandiflora | Yellow foxglove | 36" |   | Coarse | Summer |
Digitalis purpurea var. alba | White-flowered Foxglove [toxic] | 24"-60" | 12" | Coarse | Summer |
Perennials |   |   |   |   |   |
Aconitum vulparia | Wolfsbane | 36" | 24" | Medium | Summer |
Actaea spicata | • Black Baneberry | 18"-30" | 24"-36" | Fine | Spring-Summer |
Adonis vernalis | Pheasant's Eye [toxic] | 12"-15" | 12" | Fine | Spring |
Anemonella thalictroides | • Rue-anemone | 8" | 8" | Medium | Early Summer |
Aquilegia alpina | Alpine Columbine | 18" | 6" | Fine | Early Summer |
Aquilegia caerulea | • Blue Columbine | 24" | 12" | Fine | Sring-Summer |
Aquilegia canadensis | • American Columbine | 18"-24" | 6" | Fine | Early Summer |
Arisaema triphyllum | • Jack-in-the-pulpit | 12" | 9" | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Armeria maritima var. elongata | • Sea Pink, Statice Armeria | 4" | 8" | Fine | Spring-Summer |
Aruncus sylvester | • Goat's-beard Spiraea | 72" | 48" | Fine | Summer |
Asclepias incarnata | • Swamp milkweed | 36" | 36" | Medium | Late Spring |
Aster alpinus | Alpine Starwort | 6"-12" | 18" | Medium | Early Summer |
Aster umbellatus | Waved Starwort | 48" | 24" | Fine | Summer |
Aurinia saxatilis | Yellow Alyssum | 10" | 10" | Med. Fine | Early Summer |
Belamcanda chinensis | Blackberry lily [toxic seed] | 24"-36" | 15"-18" | Medium | Late Summer |
Baptisia australis | • False Wild Indigo | 48" | 36" | Medium | Summer |
Caltha palustris var. monstrosa | Double Marsh Marigold | 18" | 18" | Medium | Early Summer |
Campanula carpatica | Carpathian Bellflower | 8"-12" | 8" | Medium | Spring-Summer |
Campanula latifolia | Campanula | 42" | 18" | Medium | Spring-Summer |
Campanula glomerata | Clustered Bellflower | 10"-15" | 10" | Medium | Summer |
Campanula persicifolia var. grandiflora | Great-flowered Bell-flower | 36" | 24" | Medium | Summer |
Campanula rapunculoides | Nettle-leafed Bell-flower | 36" | 24" | Medium | Summer |
Cardamine pratensis | Cuckoo-flower | 12" | 12" | Medium | Spring |
Catananche caerulea | Cupids dart | 18"-24" | 12"-15" | Medium | Late Summer |
Chasmanthiumlatifolium | Sea oats, Spike grass | 60" |   | Fine | Summer-Fall |
Centaurea montana | Mountain Bluet | 30" | 15" | Medium | Summer |
C. sinensis x indicum | Chrysanthemum |   |   | Medium | Fall |
Clematis integrifolia | Entire-leaved Virgin's Bower | 18" | 18" | Medium | Spring |
Coreopsis auriculata | • Ear-leafed Coreopsis | 6"-18'" | 6"-18" | Fine | Summer |
Cypripedium var. parviflorum | • Lady's Slipper | 8"-18" | 4"-12" | Medium | Early Summer |
Delphinium elatum | Bee Larkspur | 36"-72" | 8" | Medium | Early Summer |
Delphinium elatum var. intermedium | Palmated Bee Larkspur |   |   |   | Early Summer |
Delphinium exaltatum | Tall Delphinium | 72" |   | Med.Fine | Summer |
Delphinium grandiflorum | Chinese Delphinium | 18" | 12" | Med. Fine | Summer |
Dianthus carthusianorum | Carthusian Pink | 8" | 8" | Med.Fine | Summer |
Dianthus deltoides | Common Pink | 6"-12" | 6"-12" | Med.Fine | Summer |
Dianthus plumarius | Cottage Pink | 12"-18" | 12"-18" | Med.Fine | Early Summer |
Dianthus superbus | Superb Pink | 24"-36" | 12"-18" | Med.Fine | Summer |
Dicentra cucullaria | • Dutchman's Breeches | 8" | 8" | Fine | Spring |
Dictamnus albus var. rubra | Dittany, Burning Bush | 36" | 36" | Medium | Early Summer |
Digitalis lutea | Yellow Foxglove | 24" | 18" | Medium | Summer |
Digitalis ferruginea | Rusty Foxglove {poisonous] | 60" | 18" | Medium | Summer |
Dodecatheon meadia | • American Cowslip | 6"-18" | 18" | Medium | Late Spring |
Echinacea angustifolia | • Narrow-leafed Rudbeckia | 48" | 18" | Coarse | Summer |
Epilobium angustifolium | • Giant Willow Herb | 60" | 60 | Fine | Summer |
Eryngium alpinum | Alpine Eryngium | 30" | 18" | Fine | Spring |
Erthronium americanum | • Trout Lily | 8" " | 6" | Medium | Spring |
Filipendula rubra | Queen of the Prairies | 72"-96" | 48"-72" | Med. Fine | Summer |
Filipendula ulmaria | Queen of the Meadow | 72" | 60" | Med. Fine | Summer |
Filipendula vulgaris | Dropwort | 24"-36" | 18" | Fine | Summer |
Fritillaria camschatcensis | • Kamptschatka Fritillaria | 18" | 12" | Medium | Summer |
Fritillaria imperialis | Crown Imperial | 60" |   | Medium | Early Summer |
Gentiana acaulis | Dwarf Gentian | 2" | 12" | Medium | Spring-Summer |
Gentiana saponaria | Soapwort | 3"-24" | 3"-10" | Medium | Fall |
Gentiana septemfida | Crested Gentian | 4"-6" | 12" | Medium | Summer |
Geranium macrorrhizum | Large-rooted Cranesbill | 12"-15" | 12"-15" | Medium | Early Summer |
Geranium striatum | Streaked Geranium | 6"-8" | 6"-8" | Medium | Summer |
Helianthus giganteus | • Giant sunflower | 36"-144" | 18"-60" | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Helianthus salicifolius | • Willow-leaf Sunflower | 48"-96" | 24"-48" | Fine | Summer |
Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra | • Sunflower | 36"-48" | 12"-18" | Coarse | Summer-Fall |
Helleborus orientalis | Lenten Rose | 15"-18" | 15"-18" | Medium | Spring |
Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus | Pale Daylily | 30" | 30" | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Hepatica americana | • Common Hepatica | 8" | 8" | Medium | Spring |
Hesperis matronalis | Dame's Rocket | 12"-36" | 24" | Med. Fine | Summer |
Hibiscus militaris | Soldier Rose Mallow | 72"-96" | 36" | Medium | Late Summer |
Hibiscus moscheutos | • Rose Mallow | 36"-96" | 36" | Medium | Summer |
Hosta plantaginea | August Lily | 30" | 36" | Coarse | Late Summer |
Hydrastis canadensis | • Goldenseal [toxic] | 10" | 10" | Medium | Summer |
Iris germanica 'Florentina' | German Iris | 36" | 30" | Medium | Spring |
Iris 'Madame Chereau' | Madame Chereau Iris | 36" | 30" | Medium | Spring |
Iris pumila | Dwarf Flag Iris | 6" | 6" | Medium | Spring |
Iris versicolor | • Various-colored Iris | 30" | 8" | Medium | Spring |
Jeffersonia diphylla | • Twin-leafed Jeffersonia [zone 5] | 18" | 18" | Medium | Early Summer |
Lavatera thuringiaca | Tree Lavatera [zone 5] | 48" | 48" | Medium | Summer |
Leucojum vernum | Spring Snowdrop | 6"-12" | 6"-12" | Medium | Spring |
Liatris scariosa | • Gayfeather | 18"-24" | 24" | Fine | Summer-Fall |
Liatris spicata | • Long-spiked Liatris | 24"-36" | 24" | Fine | Summer |
Lilium superbum | • American Turks Cap | 120" |   | Medium | Late Summer |
Lilium tigrinum (lancifolium) | Tiger lily | 48" |   | Medium | Late Summer |
Lobelia siphilitica | • Blue Cardinal Flower [zone 5] | 24"-36" | 24" | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Lupin sp. | Lupin |   |   |   |   |
Lupinus polyphyllus | • Bigleaf lupine | 48"-96" | 24"-48" | Medium | Late Spring |
Lychnis flos-cuculi | Ragged robin | 12"-36'" | 15"-36" | Medium | Late Spring |
Lysimachia punctata | Four-leafed Loosestrife | 18"-30" | 12" | Fine | Early Summer |
Lythrum salicaria | Purple Loosestrife [invasive] | 36"-60" | 24"-36" | Fine | Summer |
Lythrum virgatum | Fine-leafed Willow Herb | 36"-60" | 36" | Fine | Midsummer |
Muscari racemosum | Clustered Grape Hyacinth | 6"-9" | 4" | Medium | Early Spring |
Narcissus biflorus | Two-flowered Narcissus | 6"-24" | 4"-8" | Medium | Late Spring |
N.pseudonarcissus bicolor | Two-colored Narcissus | 6'-24' | 4"-8" | Medium | Spring |
Nelumbo lutea | • American Lotus [zone 6] | 36" |   | Coarse | Summer |
Nuphar advena | Three-colored Water Lily | 2" |   | Coarse | Summer |
Nuphar luteum | • Yellow Water Lily | 2" |   | Coarse | Summer |
Nymphaea odorata | • American White Water Lily | 4" | 48" | Coarse | Summer |
Oenothera fruticosa | • Shrubby Primrose Tree | 36" | 18" | Med.Fine | Summer |
Oxalis violaea | Purple Oxalis, Wood Sorrel | 3"-8" | 8" | Medium | Spring |
Paeonia 'Edulis Superba' | Chinese Peony 1824 | 36" | 36' | Med.Coarse | Early Summer |
Paeonia suffruticosa | Tree Peony | 3'-6' | 3'-6' | Med.Coarse | Late Spring |
Paeonia tenuifolia | Fernleaf Peony | 36" | 36" | Fine | Late Spring |
Penstemon barbatus | Coral Penstemon | 36" | 12" | Med.Fine | Summer-Fall |
Penstemon hirsutus | • Hairy Penstemon | 24" | 24" | Fine | Early Summer |
Penstemon digitalis | • Penstemon digitalis | 30" | 24" | Med. Fine | Early Summer |
Penstemon laevigatus | Smooth Penstemon |   |   |   | Summer |
Phlox stolonifera | • Creeping Phlox | 12" | 8" | Fine | Spring |
Phlox subulata | • Moss Pink | 3"-6" | 24" | Fine | Midspring |
Physostegia virginiana | • False Dragonhead | 36" | 12" | Medium | Late Summer |
Podophyllum peltatum | • May Apple, Mandrake | 12"-18" | 12" | Medium | Spring |
Polemonium caeruleum | Blue Valerian | 24" | 24" | Medium | Summer |
Polemonium caeruleum var. album | • White Valerian, Jacob's Ladder | 18"-24" | 12"-18" | Medium | Summer |
Platycodon grandiflorus 'mariesii' | Chinese bellflower | 18" | 9" | Medium | Summer |
Polemonium reptans | Creeping Greek Valerian | 12"-24" | 12" | Medium | Summer |
Polygonatum multiflorum | Many-flowered Solomon's Seal | 36" |   | Medium | Summer |
Pontederia cordata | • Pickerel-weed [aquatic] | 30" | 18" |   | Summer |
Papaver orientale | Oriental Poppy | 18"-36" | 9"-13" | Medium | Summer |
Primula auricula | 'Bear's Ear' Primula | 4"-6" | 8" | Coarse | Early Summer |
Rudbeckia fulgida | • Bright Rudbeckia | 24"-36" |   | Medium | Summer |
Rudbeckia laciniata | • Jagged-leafed Rudbeckia | 30" | 10" | Medium | Summer |
Saponaria ocymoides | Basil-leafed Soapwort | Mat |   |   | Late Spring |
Smilacina racemosa | Cluster-flowered Solomon's Seal | 36" | 24" | Medium | Spring-Summer |
Solidago canadensis | • Golden-rod | 24"-72" | 18" | Med.Fine | Summer-Fall |
Spigelia marilandica | • Carolina Pink-root [zone 5] | 12"-18" | 18" | Medium | Early Summer |
Stachys macrantha | Big Betony | 18" | 12" | Medium | Early Summer |
Stachys byzantina | Lamb's Ear | 12"-15" | 18" | Coarse | Summer |
Teucrium fruticans | Tree Germander [potted] | 36"-48" | 48"-72" | Fine | Summer |
Teucrium canadense | • Wild Germander | 18"-36" | 36" | Fine | Midsummer |
Thalictrum minus | Low Meadow Rue | 12"-24" | 12"-18" | Fine | Early Summer |
Tradescantia x andersoniana | • Virginia Spider-wort | 18"-24" | 24" | Fine | Midsummer |
Trillium erectum | • Erect-flowered Trillium | 12" | 12" | Medium | Spring |
Trillium pusillum | • Dwarf Trillium | 6"-8" | 6"-8" | Med.Fine | Spring |
Trillium sessile | • Toad Shade Trillium | 12"-15" | 12"-18" | Medium | Spring |
Vallisneria americana | • American Vallisneria [zone 8 pond plant] | 6' | 6' | Fine | Summer |
Vallisneria spiralis | Eel Grass [zone 8, pond] | 6' | 6' | Fine | Summer |
Veronicastrum virginicum | • Virginia Speedwell | 60" | 24" | Medium | Summer |
Viola canadensis | • Canadian Violet | 12-24" | 10-18" | Medium | Summer |
Viola pedata | • Bird's-Foot Viola | 4"-10" | 6" | Medium | Spring-Summer |
  |   |   |   |   |   |
Perennial herbs |   |   |   |   |   |
Apium graveolens | Wild Celery [zone 5] | 36" |   | Medium | Summer |
Andromeda polifolia | • Bog-Rosemary | 1'-2- | 2'-3' | Medium | Spring |
Eupatorium perfoliatum | • Boneset | 18"-60" |   | Coarse | Late Summer |
Lithospermum officinale | Gromwell | 36" |   |   |   |
Marrubium vulgare | Horehound | 18" |   | Medium | Summer |
Rheum rhubarbicum | Rhubarb | 36" | 36" | Coarse | Summer |
  |   |   |   |   |   |
Shrubs • Native |   |   |   |   |   |
Aesculus parviflora | • Bottlebrush Buckeye | 8'-12' | 8'-15' | Med.Coarse | Summer, Fall |
Amelanchier alnifolia var. semi-integrifolia | • Pacific Serviceberry | 10' | 10' | Medium | Summer |
Amelanchier canadensis | • Shadblow Serviceberry | 6'-20' | 4'-15' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Amelanchier stolonifera | • Running Serviceberry | 4'-6' | 4'-6' | Medium | Spring, Fall |
Amorpha brachycarpa 'Palmer' | Palmer Amorpha | 3' | 3' | Fine | Summer |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | • Bearberry | 6"-12" | 2'-4' | Fine | Spring |
Aronia x prunifolia | • Purple-fruited Chokeberry | 12' | 12' | Medium | Fall |
Artemisia abrotanum | Southernwood | 3'-5' | 3'-5' | Medium | Late Summer |
Betula nana | • Dwarf Birch | 2'-4' | 2'-4' | Fine | Spring-Fall |
Betula pumila | • Hairy Dwarf Birch | 4'-15' | 15' | Coarse | Spring-Summer |
Chaenomeles japonica | Japanese Flowering Quince | 3' |   | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Cotoneaster horizontalis | Cotoneaster | 3' | 8' | Med.Fine | Summer |
Caragana aurantiaca | Dwarf Peashrub | 4' | 4' | Medium | Spring |
Caragana microphylla | Littleleaf Caragana | 6'-10' | 7'-12' | Medium | Spring |
Ceanothus ovatus | Inland Ceanothus | 2'-3' | 2'-3' | Medium | Summer |
Clematis recta | Clematis [shrub] | 2'-4' | 2'-4' | Medium | Summer |
Clethra alnifolia var. paniculata | Sweet Pepperbush | 8' | 8' | Medium | Summer |
Cotoneaster lucidus | Hedge Cotoneaster | 6'-10' | 6'-10' | Medium | Fall |
Diervilla sessilifolia | • Bush-Honeysuckle | 3'-5' | 3'-5' | Medium | Summer, Fall |
Elaeagnus commutata | • Silverberry | 6'-12' | 6'-12' | Medium | Summer |
Elaeagnus pungens | Thorny Elaeagnus | 20' | 20' | Medium | Summer |
Erica tetralix | Cross-leaved Heath | 14"-24" | 14"-24" | Medium | Summer |
Exochorda racemosa | Common Pearlbush | 10'-15' | 10'-15' | Medium | Spring, Fall |
Fontanesia fortunei | Fortune Fontananesia | 12' | 12' | Medium | Summer |
Genista tintoria | Common Woadwaxen | 2'-3' | 2'-3' | Fine | Summer |
Aralia racemosa | • American Spikenard | 4'-10' | 4'-10' | Medium | Summer |
Hibiscus moscheutos | Rose Mallow | 3'-8' | 5' | Medium | Summer-Frost |
Hydrangea macrophylla | Bigleaf Hydrangea | 3'-5' | 3'-5' | Coarse | Summer |
Hypericum calcinum | Large-flowered St. John's wort [zone 5] | 3' | 4' | Medium | Summerr |
Ilex laevigata | Smooth Winterberry | 10'-20' | 10'-20' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Juniperus communis var. suecica | Swedish Juniper | 10'-15' | 4'-7' | Medium | Evergreen |
Juniperus horizontalis | • Creeping Juniper | 1'-2' | 4'-8' | Med. Fine | Evergreen |
Juniperus procumens | Japgarden juniper | 2' | 10'-15' | Medium | Evergreen |
Juniperus squamata | Singleseed Juniper | 1'-25' | 1'-10' ? | Medium | Evergreen |
Kalmia polifolia | • Narrow-leafed Kalmia | 3' | 3' | Medium | Late Spring |
Kerria japonica | Japanese Kerria | 3'-6' | 6'-9' | Fine | Spring |
Ledum palustre | • Crystal Tea | 1'-4' | 1'-4' | Med.Fine | Late Spring |
Ligustrum vulgare | European Privet | 10' | 10' | Med.Fine | Summer |
Lindera benzoin | • Spicebush | 10' | 10' | Med.Fine | Spring-Summer |
Lonicera fragrantissima | Winter Honeysuckle | 6'-10' | 6'-10' | Medium | Spring |
Lonicera korolkowii | Blueleaf Honeysuckle | 12'-15' | 12'-15' | Medium | Spring |
Magnolia stellata | Star Magnolia | 15'-20' | 10'-15' | Medium | Early Spring |
Nemopanthus mucronatus | • Mountain Holly | 6'-10' | 6'-10' | Medium | Spring, Fall |
Ononis fruticosa | Shrubby Rest Harrow | 12"-24" | 12"-24" | Medium | Summer |
Paeony suffruticosa | Tree paeony | 3'-6' | 3'-6' | Medium | Spring |
Philadelphus inodorus | Scentless Mock-Orange | 10' | 10' | Med. Coarse | Late Spring |
Pieris floribunda | • Fetterbush | 4'-6' | 3'-4' | Medium | Spring, Fall |
Prunus glandulosa | Flowering almond | 4'-5' | 3'-4' | Medium | Spring |
Prunus maritima | • Beach plum | 4'-8' | 4'-8' | Medium | Spring, Fall |
Prunus pumila | • Dwarf Sand Cherry | 4'-6' | 4'-6' | Medium | Spring |
Prunus spinosa | Blackthorn, Sloe | 12'-15' | 12' | Medium | Spring |
Rhamnus frangula | Berry-bearing Alder [invasive] | 10'-18' | 8'-12' | Medium | Spring |
Rhododendron carolinianum | • Carolina Rhododendron | 3'-5' | 3'-5' | Medium | Spring |
Rhododendron catawbiense | • Catawba Rhododendron | 6'-10' | 5'-8' | Med. Coarse | Spring |
Rhododendron ferrugineum | • Rusty-leaf Rhododendron |   |   | Medium | Spring |
Rhododendron maximum | • Rosebay Rhododendron | 3'-15' | 3'-12' | Medium | Late Spring |
Ribes cynosbati | • Prickly-fruited Gooseberry | 4' | 4' | Med. Fine | Summer |
Rosa 'Baltimore Belle' | Baltimore Belle Rose | 10' | 10' | Medium | Summer |
Rosa carolina | • Carolina Rose | 3'-6' | 3'-6' | Medium | Summer |
Rosa glauca (syn. Rubrifolia) | Redleaf Rose | 5'-7' | 5' | Medium | Summer |
Rosa 'Madame Hardy' | Madame Hardy Rose | 4'-6' | 4'-6' | Medium | Summer |
Rosa 'Madame Plantier' | Madame Plantier Rose | 5' | 5' | Medium | Summer |
Rosa 'Maiden's Blush' | 'Maiden's Blush' Rose | 5'-8' | 5' | Medium | Summer |
Rosa 'Quatre Saisons' | Autumn Damask Rose | 4' | 3' | Medium | Summer |
Rosa 'Reine Blanche' | Reine Blanche | 4' | 4'-5' | Medium | Early Summer |
Rosa setigera | • Prairie Rose | 3'-4' | 15' | Medium | Midsummer |
Rosa 'Seven Sisters' | Seven Sisters Rose [zone 5] | 4'-6' | 4'-6' | Medium | Summer |
Rosa 'Stanewell Perpetual' | Stanwell Perpetual 1838 | 3'-5' | 3'-5' | Medium | Spring-Frost |
Rosa 'Tuscan' | Tuscan Rose 1837 | 3'-3.5' | 2.5'-3' | Medium | Midsummer |
Rosa virginiana | • Virginia rose | 4'-6' | 4'-6' | Medium | Midsummer |
Rosa x alba var. fl. Pl. | Double-white Rose | 8' | 8' | Medium | Summer |
Salix lanata | Wooly Willow | 2'-4' | 3'-5' | Fine | Spring, Summer |
Salix viminalis | Basket Willow | 20' | 20' | Med. Fine | Spring |
Sambucus nigra var. laciniata | Parsley-leafed Elder | 15' |   | Medium | Late Summer |
Sambucus pubens | • Scarlet Elder | 12'-25' | 12'-25' | Medium | Late Summer |
Shepherdia argentea | • Silver Buffaloberry | 6'-10' | 6'-10' | Medium | Late Summer |
Spiraea thunbergii | Thunberg Spirea | 3'-5' | 3'-5' | Fine | Spring |
Spirea tomentosa | Hardhack Spirea | 2'-4' | 2'-4' | Medium | Late Summer |
Spirea trilobata | Three-lobe Spirea | 4'-5' | 4'-5' | Fine | Spring |
Symphoricarpos albus | • Snowberry | 6' | 6' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus | • Coral Berry | 6' | 6' | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Syringa x chinensis | Chinese Lilac | 3'-7' | 12' | Medium | Spring |
Syringa josikaea | Hungarian lilac | 8'-10' | 8'-12' | Medium | Early Summer |
Syringa villosa | Late Lilac | 6'-10' | 4'-10' | Medium | Early Summer |
Syringa vulgaris var. 'Alba' | White Lilac | 20' | 15'-20' | Medium | Late Spring |
Vaccinium oxycoccos | • European Cranberry | 2"-6" | 3' | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Viburnum alnifolium | • Hobblebush | 9'-12' | 9'-12' | Medium | Spring |
Vaccinium myrtillus | Bilberry | 1.5' | 1.5' | Fine | Fall |
Viburnum opulus 'Roseum' | Guelder Rose | 12' | 12' | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Viburnum plicatum | Japanese Snowball | 15' | 15' | Coarse | Spring |
Viburnum trilobum | American Cranberry | 8'-12' | 8'-12' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Yucca filamentosa | Adam's needle [zone 5] | 3' | 5' | Medium | Summer |
  |   |   |   |   |   |
Vines |   |   |   |   |   |
Aristolochia macrophylla | • Dutchman's Pipe | 20'-30' |   | Medium | Spring |
Campsis radicans | Trumpet creeper | 30'-40' |   | Medium | Summer |
Clematis montana | Anemone clematis [zone5] | 20'-30' |   | Medium | Summer |
Clematis tangutica | Golden clematis [zone 5] | 20'-30' |   | Medium | Summer |
Clematis terniflora | Sweetautumn clematis [5] | 10'-20' |   | Medium | Summer |
Clematis texensis | Scarlet clematis | 6'-10' |   | Medium | Summer |
Clematis vitalba | Traveler's joy | 20'-40' |   | Medium | Summer |
Forsythia sp. | Forsythia | 8'-10' | 8'-10' | Coarse | Early Spring |
Hydrangea anomala sub. petiolaris | Climbing Hydrangea | 60'-80' |   | Med. Fine |   |
Lathyrus latifolia | • Perennial Pea | 6' |   | Medium | Spring-Summer |
Lonicera japonica | Japanese Honeysuckle | 10'-20' |   | Medium | Late Summer |
L. periclymenum 'Belgica' | Woodbine | 20' |   | Medium | Mid-Summer |
Pachysandra procumbens | • Allegheny Pachysandra | 6"-12" |   | Medium | Semi-evergreen |
Rhus radicans | • Poison Ivy [toxic] | 2'-4' | 2' | Medium | Summer |
Rhus vernix | • Poison Sumac [toxic] | 15' | 15' | Medium | Summer |
Solanum dulcamara | Bittersweet, Woody Nightshade [toxic] | 15' |   | Medium | Spring |
Vinca minor | Dwarf Periwinkle | 10' |   | Medium | Spring-Summer |
Wisteria frutescens | • Wisteria | 20'-30' |   | Medium | Early Summer |
  |   |   |   |   |   |
Trees • Native |   |   |   |   |   |
Abies fraseri | • Fraser Fir | 30'-40' | 20'-25' | Medium | Evergreen |
Abies nordmanniana | Caucasian Fir | 40'-60' | 25'-35' | Medium | Evergreen |
Acer truncatum | Purpleblow Maple 1881 | 20'-25' | 18'-25' | Medium | Spring, Fall |
Aesculus glabra' | • Ohio Buckeye | 20'-40' | 20'-40' | Med.Coarse | Spring, Fall |
Ailanthus altissima | Tree of Heaven | 40'-60' | 30'-45' | Coarse | Spring-Summer |
Amelanchier alnifolia | • Pacific Serviceberry | 10' | 8'-15' | Medium | Spring, Fall |
Aralia elata | Japanese Angelica-tree | 20'-30' | 20'-30' | Medium | Fall |
Betula alleghaniensis (lutea) | • Yellow, Tall Birch | 60'-100' | 70'-85' | Med.Fine | 4 Seasons |
Betula pendula var. tristis | Drooping Birch | 15'-20' | 10'-15' | Med.Fine | Spring-Fall |
Betula populifolia | • Gray Birch | 20'-40' | 10'-20' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Carpinus caroliniana | • American Hornbeam | 20'-30' | 20'-30' | Medium | Fall |
Castanea dentata | American Chestnut | 100' | 100' | Coarse | Fall |
Cedrus atlantica | Atlas Cedar | 40'-60' | 30'-40' | Medium | Evergreen |
Cercis canadensis | • Eastern Redbud | 12'-40' | 12'-40' | Medium | Spring |
Chamaecyparis pisifera | Japanese Falsecypress | 50'-70' | 10'-20' | Medium | Evergreen |
Cladastris kentukea | • Yellowwood | 30'-50' | 40'-55' | Medium | Spring |
Corylus americana | • American filbert | 15'-18' | 10'-12' | Med.Coarse | 4 Season |
Cotinus obovatus | • American Smoketree | 20'-30' | 20'-30' | Medium | Spring, Fall |
Crataegus laevigata | English Hawthorn | 25' | 25' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Crataegus x lavalle | Lavalle Hawthorn | 15'-30' | 10'-20' | Medium | Fall |
Crataegus monogyna | Singleseed Hawthorn | 20'-30' | 30' | Medium | Spring |
Crataegus succulenta | • Fleshy Hawthorn | 20' | 30' | Medium | Spring, Fall |
Crataegus viridis | • Green Hawthorn | 20'-35' | 20'-35' | Medium | Spring, Fall |
Elaeagnus umbellata | Autumn Olive | 12'-18' | 12'-18' | Fine | Spring |
Euonymus eurpaea | European Spindletree | 12'-30' | 10'-25' | Medium | Spring |
Fagus grandifolia | • American Beech | 50'-70' | 40'-60' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Fagus sylvatica f. purpurea | Copper Beech | 50'-80' | 40'-60' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Fraxinus excelsior | European Ash | 50'-60' | 40'-50' | Medium | Fall |
Fraxinus pennsylvanica | • Green Ash | 50'-60' | 25'-30' | Medium | Fall |
Fraxinus nigra | • Black Ash | 40'-50' | 20'-25' | Medium | Fall |
Fraxinus quadrangulata | • Blue Ash | 50'-70' | 35'-40' | Medium | Summer |
Ginkgo biloba | Maidenhair tree | 50'-80 | 30'-40' | Med Coarse | Fall |
Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis | Thornless Locust | 30'-70' | 30'-70' | Med.Fine | Spring |
Halesia carolina | • Snowdrop Tree | 30'-40' | 20'-35' | Medium | Spring |
Hamamelis virginiana | Witch hazel | 12'-20' | 12'-20' | Medium | Fall |
Juniperus scopulorum | Colorado Redcedar | 30'-40' | 3'-15' | Medium | Evergreen |
Kalopanax pictus | Castor-aralia | 40'-60' | 40'-60' | Coarse | Summer-Fall |
Koelreuteria paniculata | Golden Rain Tree | 30'-50' | 30'-50' | Med. Fine | Summer-Fall |
Larix kaemferi | Japanese Larch | 70'-90' | 25'-40' | Fine-Coarse | Spring-Fall |
Maclura pomifera | • Osage Orange | 20'-40' | 20'-40' | Med.Coarse | Summer |
Magnolia acuminata | • Cucumber Tree | 90' | 90' | Medium | Early Summer |
Magnolia salicifolia | Anise Magnolia | 20'-30' | 10'-15' | Medium | Spring |
Malus angustifolia | Souther Crabapple | 20' | 20' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Malus baccata | Siberian Crabapple | 20'-50' | 20'-50' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Malus prunifolia | Siberian Crab | 15' | 15' | Medium | Spring |
Malus spectabilis | Chinese Apple Tree | 30' | 30' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Morus multicaulis | Mulberry [silk] | 40' | 30' | Medium | Summer |
Morus rubra | • Red Mulberry | 70' | 50' | Medium | Summer |
Phellodendron sachalinense | Sakhalin Corktree | 50'-60' | 45'-55' | Medium | Summer, Fall |
Picea mariana | • American Black Spruce | 60' | 15' | Medium | Evergreen |
Picea orientalis | Oriental Spruce | 50'-60' | 20'-25' | Medium | Evergreen |
Pinus banksiana | • Jack Pine | 35'-50' | 30'-45' | Medium | Evergreen |
Pinus cembra | Siberian Stone Pine | 70' | 25' | Medium | Evergreen |
Pinus flexilis | • Limber Pine | 30'-50' | 15'-35' | Medium | Evergreen |
Pinus mugo | Mugo Pine | 15'-20' | 20'-25' | Medium | Evergreen |
Pinus ponderosa | • Ponderosa Pine | 60'-100' | 25'-30' | Med.Coarse | Evergreen |
Pyrus salicifolia | Willow-leafed Pear | 15'-25' | 12'-20' | Medium | Fall |
Populus alba | White Poplar | 40'-70' | 40'-70' | Med.Coarse | Summer |
Populus maximowiczii | Japanese Poplar | 80'-100' | 60'-80' | Medium | Summer |
Populus nigra | Lombardy Black Poplar | 70'-90' | 10'-15' | Medium | Summer |
Populus simonii | Simon Poplar | 40'-60' | 20'-30' | Medium | Summer |
Populus tremula | European Aspen | 50' | 50' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Populus tremuloides | • Quaking Aspen | 40'-50' | 20'-30' | Medium | Summer |
Pseudotsuga menziesii | • Douglasfir | 40'-80' | 12'-20' | Medium | All Seasons |
Pyrus ussuriensis | Ussurian Pear | 40'-50 | 40'-50' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Prunus armeniaca | Apricot | 25' | 20' | Medium | Spring-Summer |
Quercus bicolor | • Swamp White Oak | 50'-60' | 50'-60' | Medium | All Seasons |
Quercus ilicifolia | Scrub Oak | 50' | 50' | Medium | Fall |
Quercus imbricaria | Shingle Oak | 50'-60' | 55'-65' | Medium | Fall |
Quercus macrocarpua | • Bur Oak | 70'-80' | 75'-85' | Medium | All Seasons |
Quercus prinoides | Chincapin Oak | 80' | 80' | Medium |   |
Quercus rubra | • Red Oak | 60'-75' | 60'-75' | Medium | All Seasons |
Quercus velutina | • Black Oak | 50'-60' | 40'-70' | Medium | All Seasons |
Rhamnus cathartica | *Common Buckthorn | 18'-25' | 18'-25' | Med.Coarse | Summer* |
Salix babylonica | Weeping Willow | 50' | 50' | Fine | Fall |
Sophora japonica | Scholar tree | 100' | 70" | Medium | Summer |
Sophora japonica pendula | Weeping Scholar tree | 15' |   | Medium | Summer |
Sorbus americana | • American Mountain Ash | 10'-30' | 8'-20' | Fine | Fall |
Tamarix ramosissima | Tamarisk | 10'-15' | 8'-12' | Fine | Spring-Fall |
Tilia platyphyllos | Big-Leaf Linden | 60'-80' | 60'-80' | Med.Coarse | Spring-Fall |
Ulmus glabra | Scotch Elm | 100' | 70' | Medium | Spring-Summer |
Ulmus minor (U. carpinifolia) | Field Elm | 100' | 70' | Med.Fine | Fall |
Ulmus parvifolia | Chinese Elm | 40'-50' | 40'-50' | Med.Fine | Fall |
Ulmus procera | English Elm | 150' | 80' | Medium | Spring-Summer |
Ulmus pumila | Siberian Dwarf Elm |   |   | Med.Fine | Spring-Summer |
Ulmus rubra | • Slippery Elm | 40'-60' | 45'-65' | Medium | Fall |
  | * It is illegal to sell buckthorn |   |   |   |   |
Plants Introduced 1850-1899 |   |   |   |   |   |
Scientific name | Common Name | Height | Spread | Texture | Seasonal interest |
Annuals, bedding plants & potted houseplants |   |   |   |   |   |
Abutilon hybridum var. souvenir de bonn | Variegated Flowering Maple | 18"-30" | 24" | Medium | Summer |
Acalypha wilkesiana var. macrophylla | Copperleaf | 120" | 50" | Coarse | Summer-Fall |
Acalypha wilkesiana var. musaica | Giant Redleaf | 120" | 50" | Coarse | Summer-Fall |
Acanthus sp | Bear's Breech[zone 5 perennial] | 36"-48" | 36" | Medium | Midsummer |
Ageratum houstonium | • Ageratum | 6"-12" | 6"-12" | Medium | Summer |
Aloysia triphylla | Lemon-scented Verbena [potted] | 120" | 120" | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Anemone blanda | Windflower [zone 5 perennial] | 3"-6" | 3"-6" | Medium | Spring |
Agapanthus africanus | Lily-of-the-Nile [potted] | 36"-48" | 36" | Fine | Late Summer |
Agave americana | • Aloe [potted] |   |   |   |   |
Ageratum sp. | • Dwarf Blue Ageratum | 6"-12" | 6"-12" | Medium |   |
Aloe sp. | Aloe [potted] |   |   |   |   |
Alternathera bettzickiana | Alternathera | 6"-12" | 6"-12" |   | Spring-Fall |
Amaranthus tricolor var. flaming fountain | Flaming Fountain | 36" | 36" | Medium | Summer |
Antirrhinum majus (glutinosum) | Snapdragon | 10"-30" | 12"-18" | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Begonia semperflorens | Wax Begonia | 10" | 10" | Medium | Summer |
Begonia x tuberhybrida | Tuberous Begonia | 24" | 18" | Medium | Summer |
Brachycome iberdifolia | Swan River Daisy 1884 | 12" | 12" | Fine | Summer |
Caladium bicolor | Caladium [potted] | 12"-24" | 12"-24" | Medium |   |
Calistephus chinensis | Chinese Aster | 8"-36" | 8"-24" | Medium | Summer |
Canna ehmannii (C. x generalis) | Canna | 18"-96" | 12"-24" | Coarse | Summer |
Canna ehemannii x glauca et al | Dwarf French Canna | 18" | 12" | Medium | Summer |
Canna indica | Indian Shot | 96" | 36" | Coarse | Summer |
Cardiospermum helicacabum | Balloon vine 1875 | 25' | vine | Medium | Summer |
Carnegie gigantea | • Saguaro Cactus [potted] | To 50' |   | Coarse | Summer Night |
Caryota sp. | Fish-tail Palm [potted] | To 40' |   | Medium |   |
Centaurea gymnocarpa | Dusty Miller | 36" | 60" | Fine | Spring-Summer |
Chrysanthemum sp. | Daisies | 24"-36" | 12" | Fine | Summer |
Coleus sp. | Coleus | 12"-24" | 12"-24" | Coarse | Summer |
Coleus blumei var. golden bedder | Coleus hybrid | 12" | 12"-24" | Coarse | Summer |
Coleus blumei var. kirkpatrickr | Coleus hybrid | 12" | 12"-24" | Coarse | Summer |
Coleus blumei var. vershaffeltii | Butterfly Coleus | 12" | 12"-24" | Coarse | Summer |
Colocasia esculenta | Elephant Ear, Taro | 96" | 96" | Coarse | Summer |
Codiaeum variegatum var. pictum | Croton, [potted, toxic] | 36"-48" | 24"-36" | Medium |   |
Cordyline indivisa | Cordiline [potted] | 20' | 7' | Medium |   |
Cortaderia selloana | Pampas Grass [potted] | 60-144" | 48"-72" | Fine | Summer-Fall |
Crinum longifolium | Crinum Lily [potted] | 36" | 24" | Medium |   |
Cuphea platycentra (ignea) | Cigar Flower | 24" | 24" | Medium | Summer |
Cycus revoluta | Sago Palm [potted] | 4'-6' | 4'-6' | Medium |   |
Cymbalaria muralis | Kenilworth Ivy |   | Trailing | Medium | Summer |
Cyperus alterifolius | Umbrella Plant [potted] | 36" | 36" | Medium | Summer |
Cyperus papyrus | Papyrus [potted] | 60" | 96" | Fine |   |
Dahlia sp. | Dahlia sp. | 12"-60" | 12"-60" | Medium | Midsummer |
Datura humilis flava, fl.pl. | Yellow Datura [toxic] | 60" |   | Coarse | Summer |
Datura inoxia quinquecuspida | Downy Thorn Apple | 36" | 36" | Coarse | Summer |
Datura metel alba plena | Datura variety [toxic] | 60" |   | Coarse | Summer |
Digitalis purpurea var. gloxiniiflora | Gloxinia-flowered Foxglove [toxic] | 36"-60" | 24" | Coarse | Late Summer |
Dracaena draco | Dragon Tree [potted] | 10'-40' |   | Medium |   |
Echeveria gibbiflora var. metallica | Hen-and-Chickens | 2" | 4" | Medium | Summer |
Echeveria secunda var. glauca | Hen-and-Chickens | 2" | 4" | Medium | Summer |
Eichhornia crassipes | Water Hyacinth | 6" | 18" | Medium | Summer |
Galtonia candicans | Giant Summer Hyacinth | 24"-48" | 24" | Medium | Summer |
Gaura lindheimeri | • Gaura | 48" | 36" | Med. Fine | Summer-Fall |
Gladiolus x hortulanus | Gladiolus | 12"-24" | 6"-12" | Medium | Late Spring |
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | Chinese Hibiscus [potted] | 8' | 6' | Medium |   |
Hydrocleys nymphoides | Water Poppies [potted] |   |   | Medium | Summer |
Irisine sp. | Bloodleaf | 24" | 18" | Medium | Summer |
Lantana camara var. hybrida | Dwarf Lantana | 24"-72" |   |   | Summer |
Linum grandifolium rubrum | Scarlet Flax 1875 | 18" | 18" | Fine | Summer-Fall |
Lobelia erinus | Lobelia | 4"-8" | 4"-6" | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Lobularia maritima | Sweet Alyssum | 3"-12" | 8"-12" | Fine | Spring-Fall |
Lobularia maritima | Alyssum, variegated | 3"-12" | 8"-12" | Fine | Spring-Fall |
Leucanthemum x superbum | Shasta Daisy | 12"-36" | 24" | Medium | Summer-Frost |
Momordica balsamina | Bitter Melon 1875 |   | vine |   | Summer |
Musa ensete | Banana Plant [potted] | 72"-25'" | 36"-8'" | Coarse |   |
Nierembergia sp. | Cupflower | 2" | 18" |   | Summer |
Opuntia bigelovii | • Teddy-bear Cactus [potted] | 36"-60" |   | Coarse |   |
Oxalis corniulata var. atropurpurea | Purple Creeping Oxalis | 4" | 4" | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Pelargonium peltatum | Ivy-leafed Geranium |   |   |   |   |
[for hanging basket] | 12-20 | 20" | Medium | Summer |   |
Pelargonium sp. | Geraniums, doubles & singles | 12"-24" | 8"-20" | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Pelargonium sp. | Silver-leaved Geranium | 12"-24" | 8"-20" | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Pelargonium zonale | Horseshoe Geranium | 12"-24" | 8"-20" | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Pennisetum alopecuroides | Fountain Grass | 36"-48" | 36"-48" | Fine | Summer-Frost |
Pennisetum villosum | Feathertop Fountain Grass | 24"-48" | 36"-48" | Fine | Summer-Frost |
Petunia x hybrida | Petunia | 6"-12" | trailing | Medium | Summer |
Phlox drummondii | Annual Phlox | 15" | 8" | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Phyllostachys sp. | Bamboo [potted] | 6'-20' | 6'-12' | Med.Fine |   |
Portulaca grandiflora | Moss Rose | 8" | 6" | Medium | Summer |
Ricinus communis | Castor-oil Plant | 144" |   | Coarse | Summer |
Salpiglossis sinuata | Painted Tongue | 18"-24" | 15" | Medium | Summer |
Salvia splendens | Scarlet Salvia | 36"-48" | 36"-48" | Fine | Summer-Fall |
Santolina chamaecyparissus | Lavender Cotton | 18" | 36" |   | Summer |
Scabiosa atropurpurea | Scabiosa | 18"-36" | 12"-18" | Med.Fine | Summer |
Sedum acre | Common Stone-crop | 1 1/2" | creeping | Medium | Spring |
Senecio cineraria | White-leafed Cineraria | 8"-15" | 8"-15" | Medium | Late Summer |
Senecio leuchostachys (viravira) | Centauria, Dusty Miller | 24" | 24" | Medium | Summer |
Tagetes patula | French Marigold | 12" | 12" | Medium | Summer |
Tiarella cordifolia | • Foamflower | 12" | 12" | Medium | Spring-Summer |
Trapaeolum majus var. burpeei | Double Nasturtium | 12" | 24"-72" | Medium | Summer-Frost |
Verbena x hortensis | Garden Verbena | 12" | 18"-24" | Medium | Summer |
Vinca rosea | Madagascar Periwinkle |   |   |   |   |
Viola cornuta | Horned violet | 4"-10" | 5"-12" | Medium | Spring |
Viola tricolor var. hortensis | Wild Pansy, Johny-jump-up [self-seeds] | 6" | 6" | Fine | Summer |
Zantedeschia sp. | Calla | 15"-18" | 8"-10" | Medium | Summer |
  |   |   |   |   |   |
Perennials |   |   |   |   |   |
Achillea filipendula | Fernleaf Yarrow | 36"-48" | 36" | Fine | Summer |
Achillea millefolium rosea | Milfoil Yarrow | 12"-36" | 12" | Fine | Summer |
Achillea tomentosa | Downy Yarrow | 6"-12" | 18" | Fine | Summer |
Aconitum autumnale | Aconitum Monk's Hood | 36"-48" | 12"-18" | Medium | Late Summer |
Adiantum pedantum | • Maidenhair fern | 18" | 18" | Med. Fine | Summer |
Ajuga reptans var. alba | Bugleweed | 6"-9" | Matting | Medium | Spring |
Anemone japonica | Japanese Anemone | 24"-48" | 24"-48" | Medium | Fall |
Anemone quinquefolia | • Wood Anemone | 4"-8" | 4"-8" | Medium | Spring |
Anemone sylvestris | Snowdrop, Wind-flower | 12"-18" | 12" | Medium |   |
Anthemis tintoria | Golden Chamomile | 24"-36" | 24" | Fine | Summer |
Aquilegia caerula | • Rocky Mt. Columbine | 24" | 18" | Fine | Early Summer |
Aquilegia chrysantha | • Golden Columbine | 36" | 24" | Fine | Summer |
Aquilegia glandulosa | Columbine | 12" | 8" | Medium | Summer |
Aquilegia viridiflora | Siberian Columbine | 12" | 18" | Fine | Early Summer |
Aquilegia vulgaris var. nivea | Munsteads White Columbine | 36" | 18" | Fine | Early Summer |
Arabis alpina | Alpine Rock Cress | 12" | 18" | Medium | Early Summer |
Arenaria verna | Pring Sandwort | 6"-8" | 12" | Medium | Spring |
Armeria maritima var. elongata | Sea Pink, Thrift | 3"-4" | 12" | Fine | Late Spring |
Aruncus dioicus (sylvester) | Goat's Beard | 48"-72" | 48"-72" | Med.Fine | Early Summer |
Arundo donax | Green-leafed Bamboo [zone 5] | 12'-16' | 24" | Medium | Late Fall |
Aster amellus var. bessarabicus | Italian Aster | 18"-24" | 18" | Medium | Late Summer |
Aster novae-angliae | • New England Aster | 48"-72" | 48" | Medium | Late Summer |
Aster novae-angliae var. roseus | • New England Aster var. | 48"-72" | 48" | Medium | Late Summer |
Astilbe japonica | Japanese Astilbe | 18"-24" | 18" | Fine | Early Summer |
Athyrium filix-femina | • Lady fern | 15"-45" | 15"-45" | Fine | Summer |
Aurinia saxatile | Golden Tuft Alyssum | 9"-12" | 18" | Fine | Spring |
Aurinia saxatile var. compactum | Dwarf Golden Tuft | 6" | 9" | Fine | Spring |
Aubrieta deltoidea | Aubrieta | 6" | Matting | Medium | Spring |
Aubrieta leichtlinii | Aubrieta | 6" | Matting | Medium | Spring |
Bergenia cordifolia | Heart-leafed Bergenia | 12"-18" | 12" | Coarse | Spring |
Beta vulgaris var. cicla | Ornamental Beet [zone 5] | 12"-18" | 12"-18" | Coarse | Summer |
Calla palustris | Water Arum | 12" | 12" | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Callirhoe involucrata | • Crimson Mallow | 6"-12" | 36" | Medium | All Summer |
Campanula medium var. calycanthema | Cup-and-Saucer | 24" | 24" | Medium | Early Summer |
Campanula rotundifolia | Harebell | 12" | 12" | Medium | Summer |
Cerastium bierbersteinii | Mouse Ear | 8"-10" | Matting | Fine | Summer |
Cerastium tomentosum | Snow-in-Summer | 6" | Matting | Fine | Summer |
Chionodoxa luciliae | Glory-of-the-Snow | 3"-6" | 3"-6" | Medium | Early Spring |
Clematis heracleifolia var. davidiana | Clematis | 48" | 36" | Medium | Late Summer |
Clematis recta | Upright Virgin's Bower | 24" | Creeping | Medium | Spring |
Coreopsis tinctoria | • Tickseed 1875 | 24"-36" | 18" | Fine | Summer-Fall |
Crocus angustifolius | Cloth-of-Gold Crocus | 6"-10" | 10" | Medium | Spring |
Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens | • Moccasin Flower | 8"-18" | 8"-18" | Medium | Summer |
Delphinium formosum | Delphinium [zone 5] | 36"-48" | 12"-15" | Fine | Summer |
Delphinium grandiflorum | Bouquet Larkspur | 18" | 12" | Fine | Summer |
Dianthus deltoides | Maiden's Pink | 10" | 10" | Fine | Spring-Summer |
Dianthus gratianopolitanus | Cheddar Pink | 3"-8" | 5"-10" | Fine | Spring-Summer |
Dicentra eximia | • Plumy Bleeding Heart | 12"-18" | 18" | Fine | Summer-Fall |
Dicentra spectabilis | • Bleeding Heart | 24"-36" | 24"-36" | Fine | Spring |
Drocera rotundifolia | • Roundleaf drocera [endangered, carnivorous] | 10" | 10" | Medium coarse | Summer |
Epigaea repens | • Trailing Arbutus | 4"-6" | 24" | Medium | Summer |
Epimedium grandiflorum | Barrenwort [zone 5] | 12" | 12" | Medium | Mid.Spring |
Eranthis hyemalis | Winter Aconite | 3"-6" | 3" | Medium | Early Spring |
Erianthus ravennae | Plume-grass [zone 5] | 24" | 9" | Fine | Late Summer |
Erythronium americanum | • Yellow Trout lily | 4"-6" | 6" | Medium | Spring |
Euphorbia corollata | Flowering Spurge | 12"-36" | 12"-36" | Fine | Spring-Fall |
Ficus elastica | Rubber Plant [potted] | 10'-20' | 5'-10' | Coarse |   |
Filipendula hexapetala var. | Dropwort | 36" | 24" | Fine | Early Summer |
Filipendula rubra var. venusta | Queen of the Prairies | 36"-48" | 24"-36" | Fine | Early Summer |
Gaillardia arista | • Indian Blanket | 24"-36" | 24" | Medium | Summer |
Galanthus elwesii | Giant Snowdrop | 9"-12" | 9" | Medium | Early Spring |
Gentiana acaulis | Stemless Gentian | 4"-6" | 12" | Medium | Late Summer |
Gentiana andrewsii | • Closed Gentian | 12"-36" |   | Medium | Late Summer |
Geranium sanguineum | Blood-red Geranium | 6"-12" | 24" | Medium | Early Summer |
Gillenia trifoliata | • Indian Physic | 24"-36" | 36" | Fine | Spring-Summer |
Gypsophila paniculata | Perennial Baby's Breath | 18"-36" | 18"-36" | Fine | Summer |
Helianthus x multiflorus | • Double Perennial Sunflower | 36"-60" | 36" | Coarse | Summer-Fall |
Helianthus maximilianii | • Maximillian Sunflower | 120" | 48" | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Helianthus sailcifoliis | • Gracefull Sunflower | 72" | 48" | Medium | Fall |
Helleborus niger | Christmas Rose | 12" | 12"-18" | Medium | Spring |
Helleborus niger altifolius | Christmas Rose variety | 15"-18" |   | Medium | Fall, Spring |
Hemerocallis flava | Day Lily | 24"-36" | 24"-36" | Medium | Summer |
Hemerocallis thunbergii | Late Yellow Daylily | 24"-36" | 24"-36" | Medium | Summer |
Hepatica americana | • Liver Leaf [toxic] | 5" | 5" | Medium | Spring |
Hosta sieboldii | Siebold Hosta | 10"-18" | 24" | Med.Fine | Early Summer |
Iris cristata | • Crested Iris | 6" | 8" | Medium | Spring |
Iris x germanica | Tall Bearded Iris | 24"-48" | 12" | Medium | Early Summer |
Iris x germanica var. florentina | Orris Root | 36" | 24" | Medium | Early Summer |
Iris pumila | Pumila Iris | 6" | 8" | Medium | Early Summer |
Iris reticulata | Golden Netted Iris | 4" | 8" | Medium | Early Summer |
Iris verna | Dwarf Iris [zone 5] | 4" | 4" | Fine | Spring |
Latania sp. | Fan Palm [potted] | 4' | 4' | Medium |   |
Leontopodium alpinum | Edelweiss [zone 5] | 8' | 8" | Med.Fine | Spring |
Liatris pycnostachya | • Kansas Gayfeather | 36"-60" | 24" | Fine | Summer-Fall |
Libocedrus decurrens | Incense Cedar [potted] | 40' | 8' | Fine | Evergreen |
Lilium speciosum var. album | White Japanese lily | 36"-60" | 18" | Medium | Late Summer |
Lilium speciosum var. rubrum | Red Japanese lily | 48" | 18" | Medium | Late Summer |
Lilium tigrinum var. splendens | Tiger Lily | 48" |   | Medium | Late Summer |
Limonium latifolium | Woundwort, Statice | 24"-30" | 24"-30" | Fine | Late Summer |
Lotus corniculatus | Bird's-Foot Trefoil | 24" |   | Fine | Summer |
Lychnis chalcedonica fl. pl. | Double Scarlet Lychnis | 24"-36" | 18" | Medium | Summer |
Lychnis viscaria var. splendens | German Catchfly | 18" | 18" | Medium | Summer |
Macleaya cordata | Plume Poppy | 60"-96" | 40"-60" | Coarse | Summer |
Malva alcea | Garden Mallow | 36"-48" | 18" | Medium | Summer |
Malva moschata alba | Musk Mallow | 36" | 36" | Medium | Summer |
Miscanthus sinensis var. gracillimus | Eulalia var. [zone 5] | 60"-72" | 36"-48'" | Fine | Fall-Winter |
Miscanthus sinensis variegatus | Eulalia var. [zone 5] | 96" | 36"-48" | Fine | Fall-Winter |
Miscanthus sinensis zebrinus | Zebra grass [zone 5] | 60"-72" | 36"-48" | Fine | Fall-Winter |
Mitella diphylla | • Miterwort | 16" | 10" | Medium | Spring |
Mitchella repens | • Partridge-berry | 4" | Trailing | Fine | Spring-Fall |
Myosotis scorpioides [palustris] | Water For-get-me-not [water plant, zone 5] | 12" | 12" | Med. Fine | Semi-evergreen |
Narcissus pseudonarcissus var. maximus | Daffodil | 6"-18" | 6"-18" | Medium | Spring |
Nicotiana alata var. grandiflora | Nicotiana [toxic] | 12"-24" | 12"-24" | Medium | Fall |
Nierembergia rivularis | White-Cup | 6"-9" | 6"-9" | Fine | Summer |
Nymphaea odorata var. rosea | Cape Cod Pink Waterlily | 5" | 48" |   | Summer Day |
Oenothera biennis var.grandiflora | • Large Evening primrose | 60" |   | Medium | Late Spring |
Oenothera missourensis | Evening Primrose | 9"-12" | 12" | Medium | Summer |
Oenothera speciosa | Evening Primrose | 6"-24" | 18" | Medium | Summer |
Opuntia sp. | Prickly Pear [zone 5] | 8"-12" | 12" | Coarse | Early Summer |
Osmunda regalis | • Royal Fern | 36" | 36" | Fine | Spring-Summer |
Osmunda cinnamomea | • Cinnamon Fern | 36" | 36" | Fine | Spring-Summer |
Osmunda claytonia | • Interrupted Fern | 24"-36" | 24"-36" | Fine | Spring-Summer |
Paeonia tenufolia fl. pl. | Fernleaf Peony | 36" | 36"-48" | Fine | Early Summer |
Papaver nudicaule var. croceum | • Iceland Poppy | 18" | 12" | Fine | Early Summer |
Parnassia caroliniana | • Grass of Parnassus | 8" | 4" | Fine | Spring-Summer |
Phlox decussata | • Phlox | 24"-48" | 24"-48" | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Phlox divaricata | • Wild Sweet William | 12" | 12" | Medium | Early Summer |
Phlox x procumbens | Creeping Phlox | 4" | 12" | Medium | Spring |
Primula japonica | Japanese Primrose | 24" | 24" | Medium | Spring |
Pulsatilla vulgaris | Pasque Flower | 10"-12" | 12" | Medium | Spring |
Ranunculus speciosus fl. pl. | Creeping Buttercup | 18" | 12" | Medium | Late Summer |
Rheum palmatum | Ornamental Rhubarb | 84" | 72" | Coarse | Early Summer |
Rubus odoratus | • Ornamental Raspberry | 72" | 72" | Med.Fine | Midsummer |
Rudbeckia laciniata var. hortensia | • Golden Glow Coneflower | 24"-48" | 12"-24" | Medium | Late Summer |
Rudbeckia maxima | • Great Coneflower | 60"-72" | 30"-60" | Medium | Late Summer |
Sanguinaria canadensis | • Bloodroot | 12"-18" | 24" | Coarse | Spring |
Saxifraga sp. | Saxifrage, Rockfoil | 4"-8" | 12" | Med.Fine | Late Spring |
Scabiosa caucasica | Pincushion-flower | 18"-24" | 18" | Med.Fine | Summer |
Sedum acre | Gold Moss Stone-crop | 1 1/2" | Creeping | Fine | Spring |
Sedum spectabile | Sedum | 18"-24" | 18"-24" | Medium | Summer |
Sempervivum arachnoideum | Cobweb House Leek | 3" | 6" | Medium | Midsummer |
Sempervivum calcareum | House Leek | 3"-4" | 6" | Medium | Midsummer |
Solidago rigida | • Stiff Goldenrod | 10"-60" | 8"-48" | Medium | Midsummer |
Solidago shortii | • Kentucky Wild Oats | 24"-36" | 18"-24" | Medium | Midsummer |
Stipa pennata | Feather Grass [zone 5] | 24"-36" | 24"-36" | Fine | Midsummer |
Symplocarpus foetidus | • Skunk Cabbage | 18" | 18" | Coarse | Early Spring |
Thalictrum speciosissum | Meadow Rue | 36"-60" | 36"-60" | Fine | Early Summer |
Thymus serpyllum var. variegatus | Variegated Thyme | 10" | 18" | Fine | Spring-Summer |
Trillium grandiflorum | • Snow Trillium | 12-18" | 12-18" | Coarse | Spring |
Tulipa gesneriana | Tulip varieties [zone 5] | 6"-12" | 3"-6" | Medium | Spring |
Tulipa suaveolens | Tulip varieties [zone 5] |   |   | Medium | Spring |
Typha latifolia | • Cat Tails | 120" |   | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Verbascum olympicum | Mullein [zone 5] | 48"-60" | 12"-24" | Med.Coarse | Summer |
Vernonia noveboracensis | • New York Ironweed [zone 5] | 48"-72" | 24" | Medium | Late Summer |
Veronica longifolia var. subsessilis | Speedwell | 30" |   | Fine | Summer |
Veronia souria | Veronia | 12"-36" | 8"-24" | Medium | Spring-Summer |
Viola pedata | Bird's-foot Violet | 2"-6" | 4"-8" | Medium | Spring |
Yucca filamentosa | • Yucca [zone 5] | 24"-48" | 24"-36" | Medium | Early Summer |
Zea mays var. curagua & japonica | Ornamental Corn | 120" | 48" | Medium | Late Summer |
  |   |   |   |   |   |
Perennial herbs • Native |   |   |   |   |   |
Arnica montana | • Arnica | 12"-14" | 6" | Medium | Summer |
  |   |   |   |   |   |
Biennials |   |   |   |   |   |
Dianthus barbatus | Sweet William |   |   |   |   |
[self-sowing] | 10 | 10" | Fine | Early Summer |   |
Shrubs • Native |   |   |   |   |   |
Acanthopanax sieboldianus | Fiveleaf Aralia | 8'-10' | 8'-10' | Medium | Summer |
Amorpha sp. | • False Indigo | 3'-12' | 3'-12' | Medium | Early Summer |
Aralia spinosa | • Hercules Club | 30' | 15' | Coarse | Spring |
Berberis thunbergii | Barberry | 3'-6' | 4'-7' | Med.Fine | Spring-Fall |
Berberis thunbergii | Japanese Barberry | 3'-6' | 4'-7' | Med.Fine | Spring |
Buxus sempervirens var. arborescens | Tree Box [zone5] | 15'-20' | 15'-20' | Fine | Evergreen |
Buxus sempervirens var. suffruticosa | Dwarf Box (or other dwarf form) [zone5] | 6"-3'" | 3' | Med.Fine | Evergreen |
Callicarpa japonica | Japanese Beauty-berry [zone 5] | 4'-6' | 4'-6' | Medium | Summer |
Chamaecyparis pisifera aurea | Golden Sawara Cypress | 10' | 10' | Fine | Evergreen |
Chaenomeles japonica | Dwarf Japanese Quince | 6'-10' | 6'-10' | Medium | Spring |
Cornus alba var. sibirica | Red-twigged Dogwood | 6'-9' | 5'-6' | Medium | Winter |
Cornus obliqua | • Pale Dogwood | 6'-10' | 6'-10' | Medium | Summer |
Corylus maxima purpurea | Purple Hazelnut | 15'-20' | 8'-12' | Med.Coarse | Late Summer |
Daphne mezereum | Mezereum Daphne | 3'-5' | 3'-5' | Med.Fine | Spring |
Deutzia gracilis | Slender deutzia | 2'-4' | 3'-4' | Med. Fine | Spring |
Elaeagnus multiflora | Cherry Elaeagnus, Gumi | 6'-10' | 6'-10' | Med.Fine | Summer |
Enkianthus campanulatus | Redvein Enkianthus | 6'-8' | 4'-6' | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Euonymus alatus | Winged Euonymus | 15'-20' | 15'-20' | Medium | Fall |
Euonymus euroaeus | European Euonymus | 12'-30' | 10'-25' | Medium | Spring |
Euonymus hamiltonianus | Yeddo Euonymus | 10'-15' | 10'-15' | Coarse | Summer-Fall |
Fontanesia fortunei | Fortune's fontanesia | 12' | 12' | Med.Fine s | Summer |
Forsythia suspensa var. sieboldii | Weeping Forsythia | 8'-10' | 10'-15' | Medium | Spring |
Fothergilla gardenii | • Dwarf Fothergilla | 2'-3' | 3'-4' | Medium | Spring |
Fothergilla major | • Fothergilla | 6'-10' | 5'-8' | Medium | Spring |
Genista tinctoria | Dyer's Greenwood | 3' | 3' | Med.Fine | Summer |
Holodiscus discolor var. ariaefolius | • Rock-spirea | 5'-20 | 6'-25' | Medium | Summer |
Hydrangea paniculata | Panicle Hydrangea | 10'-20' | 10'-20' | Coarse | Summer-Fall |
Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora | PeeGee Hydrangea | 10'-20' | 10'-20' | Coarse | Summer-Fall |
Ilex rugosa | Protrate Holly | 1-1 1/2 | 3' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Juniperus communis | • Canadian Juniper | 4' | 6' | Medium | Evergreen |
Juniperus communis var. hibernica | Irish Juniper | 10'15' | 12'-18' | Medium | Evergreen |
Juniperus horizontalis | Creeping Juniper | 1'-2' | 4'-8' | Medium | Evergreen |
Juniperus procumbens | Procumbent Juniper | 8"-12" | 10'-15' | Medium | Evergreen |
Juniperus sabina | Savin Juniper | 4'-6' | 5'-10' | Medium | Evergreen |
Juniperus sabina var. tamariscifolia | Tamarix Savin | 18" | 10'-15' | Medium | Evergreen |
Juniperus squamata | Himalayan juniper | 6"-25'" | variable | Medium | Evergreen |
Laburnum anagyroides | Common Laburnum | 25' | 25' | Med.Fine | Late Spring |
Laburnum x wateri | Waterer laburnum | 25' | 25' | Med.Fine | Late Spring |
Lespedeza bicolor | Shrub Bush-clover | 6'-9' | 6'-9' | Medium | Summer |
Ligustrum amurense | Amur Privet | 12'-15' | 8'-10' | Med.Fine | Spring |
Ligustrum obtusifolium | Border Privet | 10'-12' | 12'-15' | Med.Fine | Summer, Fall |
Lindera benzoin | • Spicebush | 6'-12' | 6'-12' | Medium | Spring, Fall |
Lonicera canadensis | • Fly Honeysuckle | 3' | 3' | Medium | Spring, Fall |
Lonicera maackii | Amur Honeysuckle | 12'-15' | 12'-15' | Medium | Spring |
Mahonia aquifolium | • Holly grape [zone 5] | 6' | 6' | Medium | Evergreen |
Philadelphus coronarius var. aureus | Dwarf Golden Mock-orange | 10'-20' | 10'-20' | Medium | Early summer |
Philadelphus x lemoinei var. avalanche | Mock Orange | 4' | 3'-4' | Medium | Early summer |
Phoenix canariensis | Canary Island Date [potted] | 5'-10' | 5'-10' | Fine | Early Summer |
Photinia villosa | Oriental Photinia | 10'-15' | 8'-12' | Medium | Early Summer |
Physocarpus opulifolius var. luteus | Ninebark variety | 8'-10' | 8'-10' | Medium | Early Summer |
Picea abies gregoryana | Gregory's Dwarf Spruce |   |   |   | Evergreen |
Pieris japonica | Japanese Pieris 1870 | 9'-12' | 6'-8' | Medium | Spring |
Pinus aristata | Bristle-cone Pine 1861 | 8'-20' | 6'-15' | Medium | Evergreen |
Pinus mugo var. compacta | Compact Mugo | 30" |   | Medium | Evergreen |
Pinus mugo mugo | Dark Mugo Pine | 8' | 16' | Medium | Evergreen |
Pinus strobus nana var. glauca | Light Blue Dwarf White Pine | 2'-7' | 3'-10' | Medium | Evergreen |
Pinus strobus 'Nana' | Dwarf White Pine | 2'-7' | 3'-10' | Medium | Evergreen |
Pinus sylvestris 'Nana' | Dwarf Scotch Pine | 2' | 3' | Coarse | Evergreen |
Prinsepia sinensis | Cherry Prinsepia | 6'-10' | 6'-10' | Medium | Spring-Summer |
Prunus besseyi | • Western Sand Cherry | 4'-6' | 4'-6' | Medium | Spring |
Prunus glandulosa | Dwarf Flowering Almond | 4'-5' | 3'-4' | Medium | Fall |
Prunus tomentosa | Manchu Cherry | 6'-10' | 15' | Medium | Spring |
Prunus triloba | Double Flowering Plum | 12'-15' | 12'-15' | Medium | Spring |
Rhododendron catawbiense | • Catawba Rhododendron | 10' | 15' | Medium | Spring |
Rhododendron maximum | • Rosebay Rhododendron | 3'-15' |   | Medium | Late Spring |
Rhododendron mucronulatum | Korean Rhododendron | 4'-8' | 4'-8' | Med.Fine | Spring |
Rhododendron schlippenbachii | Royal Azalea | 6'-8' | 6'-8' | Medium | Late Spring |
Rhododendron vaseyi | • Pinkshell Azalea | 5'-10' | 4'-8' | Medium | Spring |
Rhodotypo s scandens | Black jetbead | 3'-6' | 4'-9' | Medium | Spring |
Rhus glabra laciniata | Cut-leaf Sumac | 10'-15' | 10'-15' | Medium | Fall |
Rhus trilobata | • Skunkbush Sumac | 3'-6' | 6'-10' | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Rosa eglanteria | Sweetbriar | 8'-10' | 5'-6' | Medium | Summer |
Rosa chinensis var. crimson | Crimson Rambler |   |   | Medium | Summer |
Rosa 'Finbriata' | Carnation Rose 1891 | 3'-4' | 3'-4' | Medium | Summer-Frost |
Rosa 'General Jacqueminot' | General Jacqueminot Rose [zone 5] 1853 | 4'-6' |   | Medium | Summer |
Rosa 'John Hopper' | John Hopper Rose 1862 |   |   | Medium | Summer |
Rosa multiflora Noxious weed | Multiflora rose 1866 | 8'-15' | 10'-18' | Medium | Summer |
Rosa 'Paul Neyron' | Paul Neyron Rose 1877 [zone 5] | 4' | 3' | Medium | Summer |
Rosa Reine des Violettes | Queen of the Violets 1860 | 3' | 3' | Medium | Summer-Frost |
Rosa Rugosa 'Alba' | White Rugosa 1870 | 6' | 6' | Medium | Summer-Frost |
Rosa Rugosa 'Delicata' | Rugosa Rose 1898 | 3'-4' | 3'-4' | Medium | Summer-Fall |
R. Rugosa 'Belle Poitevine' | 'Belle Poitevine' Rose 1894 | 3 1/2'-4' | 3.5' -4' | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Rosa sericea pteracetha | Wingthorn Rose 1890 | 6'-8' | 5'-6' | Med. Fine | Late Spring |
Rosa setigera | Climbing Roses | 6'-12' | 8'-10' | Medium | Summer |
Rosa wichuraina | Memorial Rose 1891 [zone5] |   | creeping | Medium | Summer |
Salix caprea pendula | Weeping Kilmarnock Willow [graft to standard] |   | creeping | Fine | Spring-Fall |
Spiraea albiflora | Japanese White Spirea | 2'-3' | 2'-3' | Med. Fine | Summer |
Spiraea x billiardii | Billiard Spirea | 6' | 6' | Med. Fine | Late Summer |
Spiraea bullata | Crispleaf Spirea | 12"-15" |   | Medium | Summer |
Spiraea x bumalda | Bumalda Spirea | 2'-3' | 3'-5' | Med. Fine | Summer |
Spiraea x bumalda 'Anthony Waterer' | Anthony Waterer Spirea | 2'-3' | 3'-5' | Med.Fine | Midsummer |
Spiraea cantoniensis | Reeve's Spirea | 4'-6' | 4'-6' | Medium | Spring |
Spiraea japonica | Japanese Spirea | 4'-5' | 4'-5' | Medium | Spring |
Spiraea japonica atrosanguiea | Mikado Spirea | 3'-4' | 3'-4' | Medium | Spring |
Spiraea japonica macrophylla | Japanese Spirea cultivar | 3' | 3' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Spiraea japonica ovalifolia | Mikado Spirea cultivar | 3'-4' | 3'-4' | Med. Fine | Midsummer |
Spiraea japonica var. ruberrima | Red-flowered Spirea | 5' | 5' | Medium | Late Spring |
Spirea x micropetala | Small-leaf Spirea 1878 |   |   | Med. Fine | Midsummer |
Spiraea prunifolia | Bridalwreath Spirea | 4'-9' | 6'-8' | Medium | Spring |
Spiraea x vanhouttei | Vanhoutte Spirea | 6'-8' | 10'-12' | Medium | Spring |
Stephanandra incisa | Cutleaf Stephanandra | 4'-7' | 5'-8' | Medium | Early Summer |
Symphocarpos albus | • Common Snowberry | 3'-6' | 3'-6' | Medium | Fall |
Symphoricarpos albus laevigatus | • Snowberry | 6' | 6' | Medium | Fall |
Symplocos paniculata | Sapphireberry | 10'-20' | 10'-20' | Medium | Summer |
Syringa x chinensis | Chinese Lilac | 8'-15' | 8'-15' | Medium | Spring |
Syringa vulgaris var. alphonse | Double Bluish Lilac | 8'-15' | 6'-12' | Medium | Spring |
Tamarix parviflora | Small flowered Tamarisk | 12'-15' | 10'-12' | Fine | Spring-Fall |
Tamarix pentandra | Five-stamen Tamarisk [1883] | 15' | 10' | Fine | Late Summer |
Tsuga canadensis pendula | • Sargent Weeping Hemlock | 10'-15' | 20'-30' | Fine | Evergreen |
Viburnum sargentii | Sargent Viburnum | 12'-15' | 12'-15' | Coarse | Spring- Fall |
Viburnum sieboldii | Siebold Viburnum | 15'-20' | 10'-15' | Coarse | Spring |
Weigela florida 'candida' | Old Fashioned Weigela | 6'-9' | 9'-12' | Medium | Summer |
Weigela florida var. variegata | Variegated Weigela | 10' | 10' | Medium | Summer |
Weigela florida var. variegata | Variegated Dwarf Weigela | 3' | 3' | Medium | Summer |
Wigandia | Wigandia [potted] | 10' | 8' | Coarse | Evergreen |
Xanthoceras sorbifolium | Chinese Flowering Chestnut | 18'-24' | 18'-24' | Coarse | Spring |
Vines |   |   |   |   |   |
Actinida arguta | Bower actinida | 25-30' |   | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Actinidia kolomikta | Kolomikta Actinidia | 15'-20' |   | Coarse | Spring-Fall |
Actinidia polygama | Silver Vine | 15' |   | Coarse | Spring-Fall |
Akebia quinata | Five-leaf Akebia | 20'-40' |   | Med.Fine | Spring |
Ampelopsis aconitifolia | Monkshood Vine | 15'-25' |   | Med.Fine | Summer-Fall |
Ampelopsis brevipedunculata | Porcelain Ammpelopsis | 10'-25' |   | Med.Coarse | Summer-Fall |
Campsis grandiflora | • Chinese Trumpetcreeper | 30' |   | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Celastrus orbiculatus | Asiatic Bittersweet | 20'-30' |   | Medium | Spring |
Clematis x jackmanii | Jackman Clematis | 5'-18' |   | Medium | Summer |
Clematis x jackmanii | Gypsy Queen, Madame Edouard Andre, Mrs. Cholmondeley, | 5'-18' |   | Medium | Summer |
Clematis x jouiniana | Jouin Clematis | 6'-10' |   | Coarse |   |
Clematis lanuginosa | Ningpo Clematis | 5'-18' |   | Medium | Summer |
Clematis lanuginosa | Lord Neville, Romona W.E. Gladstone, Perle d' Azur, Lady Caroline Neville, | 5'-18' |   | Medium | Summer |
Clematis x lawsoniana var. henryi | Henry Clematis | 5'-18' |   | Medium | Summer |
"Clematis patens 'Sir G. Wolsely', Edouard Desfoe'" | Lilac Clematis hybrids | 5'-18' |   | Medium | Summer |
Clematis tangutica | Golden Clematis | 5'-18' |   | Medium | Summer |
Lablab purpurea | Hyacinth Bean [zone 9, grow as annual, is edible] | 20' |   | Medium | Summer |
Lonicera japonica halliana | Hall's White Honeysuckle | 15'-30' |   | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Lonicera japonica var. repens | Japanese Honeysuckle | 15'-30' |   | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Lonicera periclymenum var. belgica | Dutch Woodbine [toxic] | 20' |   | Medium |   |
Lonicera sempervirens | • Trumpet Honeysuckle | 10'-20' |   | Medium | Summer |
Pachysandra terminalis | Japanese Spurge 1882 | 6"-12" | spreading | Medium | Evergreen |
Parthenocissus tricuspidata | Boston Ivy | 30'-50' |   | Medium | Summer Fall |
Parthenocissus tricuspidata var. veitchii | Purple Japan Ivy | 6'-10' |   | Medium |   |
Polygonum auberti | Silver Lace Vine | 10'-15' |   | Medium | Summer |
Polygonum baldschuanicum | Mile-a-minute Vine | 10'-15' |   | Medium | Summer |
Thunbergia alata | Black-eyed Susan [annual] | 10' |   | Medium | Summer-Fall |
  |   |   |   |   |   |
Trees • Native |   |   |   |   |   |
Abies concolor | • White Fir | 30'-50' | 15'-30' | Medium | Evergreen |
Abies homolepsis | Nikko Fir | 30'-50' | 20'-35' | Medium | Evergreen |
Abies veitchii | Veitch Fir | 50'-75' | 25'-35' | Medium | Evergreen |
Acer ginnala | Amur Maple | 15'-18' | 15'-18' | Med. Fine | Spring, Fall |
Acer miyabe | Miyabe Maple 1892 | 30'-40' | 25'-35' | Medium | Spring, Fall |
Acer platanoides | Norway Maple 1858 | 40'-60' | 35'-50' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Acer rubrum | • Red maple | 40'-60' | 35'-50' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Aesculus x carnea | Red Horsechestnut | 30'-40' | 25'-35' | Med.Coarse | Spring |
Alnus firma | Japan Alder | 60'-75' | 50'-65' | Med.Fine | Spring-Fall |
Alnus glutinosa var. imperialis | Black Alder | 40'-60' | 20'-40' | Medium | 4 Season |
Amelanchier x grandiflora | • Apple Serviceberry | 15'-25' | 12'-22' | Medium | Spring |
Amelanchier laevis | • Allegheny Serviceberry | 15'-25' | 12'-20' | Medium | Spring, Fall |
Betula pendula | Silver Birch | 40'-50' | 20'-35' | Med.Fine | Spring-Fall |
Betula pendula 'Laciniata' | Weeping Birch 1858 | 30'-50' | 25'-45' | Med.Fine | Spring-Fall |
Betula pendula var. purpurea | Purple European Birch | 40'-50' | 20'-35' | Med.Fine | Spring-Fall |
Castanea mollissima | Chinese Chestnut | 40'-60' | 40'-60' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Cercidiphyllum japonicum | Katsuratree | 40'-60' | 40'-60' | Med.Fine | Spring-Fall |
Chamaecyparis pisifera filifera pendula | Sawara Cypress cultivar | 6'-8' | 4'-5' | Fine | Evergreen |
C. pisifera var. plumosa | Plume Falsecypress | 20' | 10'-20' | Fine | Evergreen |
Chamaecyparis pisifera squarrosa | Moss Sawara Falsecypress | 65' | 10'-20' | Medium | Evergreen |
Crataegus nitida | • Glossy Hawthorn | 30' | 40' | Medium | Spring, Fall |
Euonymus bungeanus | Winterberry Euonymus | 18'-24' | 15'-20' | Medium | Fall |
Fagus sylvatica | European Beech | 50'-60' | 35'-45' | Medium | Summer |
Fagus sylvatica var. atropurpunicea | Purple Beech | 50'-60' | 35'-45' | Medium | Summer |
Fagus sylvatica pendula | Weeping European Beech | 50'-60' | 60'-70' | Medium | Summer |
Fraxinus mandshurica | Manchurian Ash | 40'-50' | 20'-25' | Medium | Fall |
Ginko biloba variegata | Ginkgo variety | 50'-80' | 30'-40' | Med.Coarse | Summer |
Halesia diptera | • Two-winged Snowdrop | 20'-30' | 15'-25' | Medium | Spring |
Juniperus virginiana glauca | • Silver Red Cedar | 25' | 8' | Medium | Evergreen |
Juniperus virginiana pendula | • Weeping Red Cedar | 40' | 15' | Medium | Evergreen |
Juniperus virginiana var. venusta | • Red Cedar variety | 25' | 5' | Medium | Evergreen |
Larix decidua pendula | Weeping Larch | 12' | 12' | Med.Fine | Fall |
Larix gmelinii | Dahurian Larch | 60' | 30' | Fine | Fall |
Maackia amurensis | Amur Maackie | 20'-30' | 20'-30' | Medium | Late Summer |
Magnolia kobus | Kobus Magnolia | 30'-40' | 15'-25' | Med.Coarse | Spring |
Magnolia stellatta | Star Magnolia | 15'-20' | 10'-15' | Medium | Early Spring |
Magnolia x soulangiana | Saucer Magnolia | 25' | 15' | Medium | Spring |
Magnolia x soulangiana 'lennei' | Lenne's Magnolia | 25' | 15' | Medium | Spring |
Magnolia x soulangiana var. norbertiana | Saucer Magnolia cultivar | 25' | 15' | Medium | Spring |
Malus coronaria | Garland Crabapple | 20'-30' | 25'-35' | Medium | Spring |
Malus floribunda | Japanese Crabapple 1862 | 15'-25' | 15'-25' | Medium | Spring |
Malus halliana parkmanii | Parkman Crabapple | 15'-18' | 15'-18' | Medium | Spring |
Malus ioensis plena | Bechtel Crabapple 1888 | 20'-30' | 20'-30' | Medium | Spring |
Malus sargentii | Sargent Crabapple 1892 | 10'-18' | 10'-18' | Medium | Spring |
Malus sieboldii | Toringo Dwarf Crab | 10'-15' | 10'-15' | Medium | Spring |
Malus spectabilis var. riversii | River's Crabapple | 30' | 30' | Medium | Spring |
Morus alba pendula | Tea's Mulberry | 15'-20' | 15'-20' | Medium | Spring-Summer |
Paxistima canbyi | • Canby Paxistima | 1' | 3'-5' | Fine | Evergreen |
Phellodendron amurense | Amur Corktree | 30'-45' | 30'-50' | Medium | Summer, Fall |
Picea abies inversa | Weeping Norway Spruce | 1.5' | 3.5 ' | Medium | Evergreen |
Picea abies virgata elata | Norway Spruce variety |   |   |   | Evergreen |
Picea engelmannii | Engelmann Spruce | 40'-50' | 10'-15" | Medium | Evergreen |
Picea glauca var. gloriosa | Golden Spruce |   |   |   | Evergreen |
Picea omorika | Serbian Spruce | 50'-60' | 20'-25' | Medium | Evergreen |
Picea pungens | • Colorado Spruce | 30'-60' | 10'-20' | Med.Coarse | Evergreen |
Pinus aristata | • Bristlecone Pine | 8'-40' | 4'-25'' | Medium | Evergreen |
Pinus cembra | Swiss Stone Pine 1875 | 30'-40' | 15'-25' | Medium | Evergreen |
Pinus densiflora | Japanese Red Pine 1854 | 40'-60' | 40'-60' | Medium | Evergreen |
Pinus densiflora var. oculus-draconis | Dragon's Eye Pine |   |   |   | Evergreen |
Pinus albicaulis | • White Bark Pine | 20'-30' | 20'-30' | Medium | Evergreen |
Pinus koraiensis | Korean Pine | 30'-40' | 25'-35' | Medium | Evergreen |
Pinus mugo var. rostrata | Mugo Pine Tree | 75' |   |   | Evergreen |
Pinus nigra var. cebennensis | Cevennes Pyrenean Pine | Small |   |   | Evergreen |
Pinus parviflora | Japanese White Pine | 25'-50' | 25'-50' | Medium | Evergreen |
Pinus peuce | Macedonian Pine | 30'-60' | 15'-30' | Medium | Evergreen |
Pinus thumbergii | Japanese Black Pine | 20'-80' | 20'-40' | Medium | Evergreen |
Populus balsamifera | Balsam Poplar | 30'-100' |   | Med.Coarse | Summer |
Prunus sp. | Doubleflowering Plums | 10'-12' | 10'-12' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Prunus cerasifera atropurpurea | Pissard Plum 1885 | 15'-30' | 15'-30' | Medium | Spring |
Prunus maackii | Amur Chokecherry | 35'-45' | 35'-45' | Medium | Spring |
Prunus spinosa fl. pl. | Sloe, Blackthorn | 12'-15' |   | Medium | Spring |
Prunus triloba | Flowering Almond | 12'-15' | Medium | Spring-Fall | Spring-Fall |
Pseudolarix amabilis | Golden Larch | 30'-50' | 20'-40' | Medium | Fall |
Pterostyrax hispida | Fragrant Epaulettree | 20'-30' | 30'-45' | Med.Coarse | Spring-Fall |
Quercus robur concordia | Golden Oak | 30' | 30' | Medium | Fall |
Quercus robur var. fastigiata | Pyramidal Golden Oak | 120' | 60'-80' | Medium | Fall |
Quercus robur pendula | Weeping English Oak | 45' | 45' | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Robinia pseaudoacacia | False Acacia | 80' | 60' | Fine | Early Summer |
Salix alba 'Britzenis' | Coral Bark willow | 75'-100' | 50'-100' | Fine | Spring-Fall |
Salix alba var. sercea | Royal Willow | 40'-60' | 40'-60' | Fine | Spring-Fall |
Salix alba var. 'Vitellina' | Golden Willow | 80' | 70' | Fine | Spring-Fall |
Salix babylonica | Weeping Willow | 50' | 50' | Fine | Spring-Fall |
Salix babylonica var. aurea | Golden Willow | 30'-40' | 30'-40' | Fine | Spring-Fall |
Salix x blanda | • Wisconsin Weeping Willow | 40' | 40' | Fine | Summer |
Salix pentandra | Laurel-leaf Willow | 30'-35' | 25'-30' | Fine | Spring-Fall |
Sophora japonica pendula | Japan Weeping Sophora | 15'-25' |   | Med.Fine | Summer |
Sorbus alnifolia | Korean Mountainash | 40'-50' | 20'-30' | Medium | Fall |
Syringa reticulata | Japanese Tree Lilac 1876 | 20'-30' | 15'-25' | Medium | Summer |
Syringa pekinensis | Pekin Lilac | 15'-20' | 12'-15' | Medium | Summer |
Taxus cuspidata | Japanese Yew 1853 | 10'-40' | 10'-40' | Medium | Evergreen |
Taxus cuspidata 'nana' | Dwarf Japanese Yew | 10'-20' | 10'-20' | Medium | Evergreen |
Tilia mongolica | Mongolian Linden | 30' | 30' | Medium | Fall |
Tilia platphyllos var. aurea | Golden-Barked Linden | 60'-80' | 30'-40' | Medium | Summer |
Tilia platyphyllos var. rubra | Red-twigged Linden | 60'-80' | 30'-60' | Medium | Summer |
Tsuga caroliniana | • Carolina Hemlock | 45'-60' | 20'-25' | Medium | Evergreen |
Tsuga canadensis var. 'fremdii' | • Canadian Hemlock cultivar | 40'-70' | 25'-35' | Fine | Evergreen |
Tsuga canadensis var. 'globosa | • Canadian Hemlock cult. |   |   | Fine | Evergreen |
Tsuga canadensis var. macrophylla | • Canadian Hemlock cult. |   |   | Fine | Evergreen |
Ulmus glabra camperdownii | Camperdown Elm | 15'-25' | 20'-30' | Med. Fine | Summer-Fall |
Ulmus pumila | Siberian Elm | 50'-70' | 35'-50' | Medium | Fall |
Plants Introduced 1900 -1950 [zone 4] |   |   |   |   |   |
Scientific name | Common name and date introduced, if known | Height | Spread | Texture | Seasonal interest |
Annuals |   |   |   |   |   |
Canna 'Roi Humbert' | Roi Humbert Canna 1914 | 48'-60" | 24" | Coarse | Summer |
Celosia argentia Chidsii Group | Celosia 1927 | 36" | 24" | Medium | Summer |
Cosmos bipinnatus | Mexican Aster 1908 | 48"-60" | 24"-48" | Med.Fine | Summer-Fall |
Kniphofia 'Pfitzeri' | Red-hot Poker 1905 | 24"-60" | 24" | Medium | Late Summer |
Kochia scoparia | Fireweed 1900 | 12"-84" | 12"-72" | Fine | Summer |
Lathyrus odoratus 'America' | Sweet Pea | 72" | Vine | Medium | Summer |
Lobularia maritima 'Little Gem' | Alyssum 'Little Gem' 1908 | 3"-12" | 8"-12" | Fine | Spring-Fall |
  |   |   |   |   |   |
Papaver rhoeas 'American Legion' | Flanders Poppy 1927 | 18"-24" | 12"-18" | Med.Fine | Early Summer |
Petunia 'Rosy Morn' | Petunia 1927 | 6" |   | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Pennisetum | Fountain grass | 36"-48" | 36"-48" | Medium | Late Summer |
  |   |   |   |   |   |
Perennials |   |   |   |   |   |
Anchusa azurea | Italian Alkanet 1925 | 36"-48" | 24" | Med.Coarse | Spring-Summer |
Coreopsis lanceolata | • Coreopsis 1908 | 24" | 18" | Med.Fine | Early Summer |
Delphinium 'Belladonna' | Belladonna Delphinium | 48" | 18" | Med.Fine | Summer |
Hosta Fortunei 'Albopicta' | Albopicta [white center] | 18"-28" | 24"-36" | Coarse | Late Summer |
Hosta plantaginea 'Honeybells' | August lily 'Honeybells' 1950 | 30" | 36" | Coarse | Late summer |
Iris setosa subs. Canadensis | • Canada Iris | 18"-24" | 12" | Medium | Early Summer |
Lilium lancifolium 'Flore Pleno' | 'Flore Pleno' Lily 1914 | 48"-60" | 24"-36" | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Paeonia 'Felix Crousse' | Chinese Peony 1925 | 24"-36" | 24"-36" | Medium | Early Summer |
Paeonia 'Karl Rosenfeld' | Karl Rosenfeld Peony 1925 | 24"-36" | 24"-36" | Medium | Early Summer |
Paeonia 'Monsieur Jules Elie' | 'Monsieur Jules Elie' Peony 1925 | 36" | 36" | Medium | Early Summer |
Paeonia 'Albert Crousse' | 'Albert Crousse' Peony | 28" | 18" | Medium | Early Summer |
Paeonia 'Felix Crousse' | 'Felix Crousse' Peony 1919 | 28" | 18" | Medium | Early Summer |
Paeonia 'Karl Rosenfeld' | 'Karl Rosenfeld' Peony 1919 | 36" | 36" | Medium | Early Summer |
Paeonia 'Louis Van Houtte | 'Louis Van Houtte' Peony 1921 | 24"-36" | 24"-36" | Medium | Early Summer |
Perovskia atriplicifolia | Russian Sage | 36"-60" | 36"-60" | Fine | Late Summer |
  |   |   |   |   |   |
Perennial Grasses* |   |   |   |   |   |
Alopecurus pratensis | • Yellow foxtail | 12"-18" | 12"-18" | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Andropogon gerardii | • Big Bluestem | 5'-8' | 5'-8' | Fine | Summer-Winter |
Andropogon virginicus | • Broom sedge | 4' | 4' | Fine | Fall |
Bothriochloa saccharoides | • Silver beardgrass | 3'-4' | 3'-4' | Fine | Fall-Winter |
Bouteloua curtipendula | • Side oats grama | 12"-30" | 12"-30" | Fine | Summer |
Bouteloua gracilis | • Blue grama | 8"-24" | 8"-15" | Fine | Summer |
Calamagrostis canadensis | • Bluejoint | 48" | 60" | Fine | Summer |
Carex digita | Fingered sedge | 10' | 10" | Fine | Summer |
Carex eburnia | • | 12" | 12" | Very Fine | Summer |
Carex flaccosperma | • (zone 5) | 12" | 12" | Medium | Summer |
Carex muskingumensis | • Palm sedge | 24"-30" | 24" | Fine | Spring-Fall |
Carex pensylvanica | • Pennsylvania sedge | 8"-12" | 8"-12" | Fine | Spring-Fall |
Carex stricta | • Tussock sedge | 24"-36" | 24"-36" | Fine | Summer |
Chasmanthium latifolium | • Northern seaoats [zone 5] | 36"-48" | 36"-48" | Coarse | Summer-Fall |
Deschampsia caespitosa | • Tufted hairgrass | 36"-48" | 36"-48" | Fine |   |
Deschampsia flexuosa | • Crinkled hair grass | 24" | 24" | Fine | Midsummer |
Elymus Canadensis | • Canada wild rye | 36"-72" | 36"-72" | Coarse | Summer |
Elymu hystrix | • Eastern bottlebrush | 30"-36" | 30"-36" | Medium | Summer |
Eragrostis trichodes | • Sand lovegrass | 40"-45" | 40"-45" | Fine | Summer |
Fargesia murielae | Umbrella bamboo 1907 | 72" | 72" | Medium | Summer |
Festuca idahoensis | • Blue bunchgrass | 14" | 14" | Fine | Summer |
Hesperostipa spartea | • Needle grass | 36" | 36" | Fine | Summer |
Hierochloa odorata | • Vanilla grass | 24" | 24" | Fine | Summer |
Hordeum juatum | • Foxtail barley | 30" | 30" | Fine | Summer |
Hystrix patula | • Bottle-brush grass | 36" | 36" | Fine | Summer-Fall |
Leymus arenarius | Lyme grass | 36"-48" | 36"-48" | Medium | Summer |
Leymus mollis | • American dune grass | 36"-48" | 36"-48" | Medium | Summer |
Molinia caerulea | Purple moor grass | 36" | 36" | Fine | Midsummer |
Panicum virgatum | • Switch grass | 48"-96" | 36"-72" | Medium | Summer |
Schizachyrium scoparium | • Little bluestem | 24"-48" | 18"-36" | Fine | Summer-Fall |
Schoenoplectus subterminalis | • Swaying-rush [under water plant] | 60" | 60" | Fine | Summer |
Scirpus atrovirens | • Willdenow (wet prairie) | "To 60" | 60" | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Scirpus cyperinus | • Wool grass (wet prairie) | "To 60" | 60" | Medium | Summer-Winter |
Sorghastrum nutans | • Indian grass (tall prairie) | "To 84" | 48" | Medium | Summer-Winter |
Spartina pectinata | • Prairie cord grass (marsh) | 84" | 72" | Medium | Summer |
Sporobolus heterolepsis | • Prairie dropseed | 15" | 15" | Fine | Summer-Winter |
Tridens flavus | • Purpletop, Tall redtop | 48" | 48" | Coarse | Summer-Fall |
Typha angustifolia | Narrow-leaved cat-tail | 72" | 24" | Medium | Summer-Winter |
Typha latifolia | Common cat-tail | "To 120" | 36" | Coarse | Summer-Winter |
Zizania aquatica | Wild rice [pond garden] | "To 108" | 72" | Coarse | Summer |
  |   |   |   |   |   |
Shrubs |   |   |   |   |   |
Amelanchier alnifolia | • Saskatoon Serviceberry | 6'-10' | 6'-12' | Medium | Summer |
Berberis koreana | Korean Barberry | 4'-6' | 3'-5' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Berberis x ottawensis | • Ottawa Barberry | 6' | 6' | Fine | Spring-Fall |
Berberis thunbergii var. atropurpurea | Purple Japanese Barberry | 3'-6' | 4'-7' | Med.Fine | Spring |
Buddleia davidii | Butterfly Bush 1920 | 12' | 12' | Medium | Late Summer |
Caragana maximowicziana | Maximovicz Peashrub | 3'-6' | 4 1/2'-12' | Medium | Spring |
Cornus stolonifera | • Red-Osier Dogwood 1914 | 6'-10' | 6'-10' | Fine | Spring-Winter |
Cotoneaster multiflorus | Many-flower cotoneaster | 8'-12' | 12'-15' | Medium | Spring |
Cotoneaster racemilflorus 'soongoricus' | Sungari Redbead Cotoneaster | 8'-12 | 12'-15' | Medium | Spring, Fall |
Cotoneaster apiculatus | Cranberry Cotoneaster | 3' | 3'-6' | Fine | Fall |
Cotoneaster divaricatus | Spreading Cotoneaster | 5'-6' | 6'-8' | Fine | Fall |
Var koreana x B. sempervirens | Boxwood | 2'-4' | 2'-4' | Fine | Evergreen |
Deutzia scabra | Deutzia scabra | 10' | 15' | Medium | Early Summer |
Forsythia ovata | Early Forsythia | 6' | 8'-10' | Medium | Early Spring |
Hamamelis vernalis | • Vernal Witchhazel | 6'-10' | 8'-12' | Medium | Spring, Fall |
Juniperus x pfitzeriana | Pfitzer Juniper 1925 | 12"-18" | 6' | Medium | Evergreen |
Kolwitzia amabilis | Beautybush | 6'-10' | 5'-9' | Medium | Spring |
Ligustrum amurense | Amur Privet 1925 | 12'-15' | 10' | Med.Fine | Evergreen |
Ligustrum x vicaryi 'storzinger' | Golden Privet | 10'-12' | 10'-12' | Med.Fine | Summer |
Lonicera maximowiczii 'Sachalinensis | Sakhalin Honeysuckle 1917 | 6'-8' | 6'-8' | Medium | Spring |
Microbiota decussata | Russian Arborvitae | 12' | 15' | Medium | Evergreen |
Physocarpus opulifolius | • Ninebark | 4'-10' | 4'-10' | Medium | Early Summer |
Prunus x cistena | Purpleleaf Sandcherry 1910 | 7'-10' | 5'-8' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
Rhododendron 'P.J.M.' | P.J.M. Rhododendron 1943 | 3'-6' | 3'-6' | Medium | Spring |
Rosa 'Aglaia' | 'Aglaia' Rose 1901 | Climber |   |   | Summer |
  |   |   |   |   |   |
Rosa omeiensis | Omei Rose | 10'-15' | 10'-15' | Fine | Summer |
Rosa 'Adelaide Hoodless' | • Prairie Rose | 5'-6' | 5'-6' | Medium | Summer-Frost |
R. 'Frau Dagmar Hartopp' | Frau Dagmar Hartopp 1914 | 2'-3' | 4'-5' | Medium | Summer-Frost |
R. 'Frühlingsgold | Frülingsgold 1937 | 5'-7' | 5'-7' | Medium | Early Summer |
R. Frülingsmorgen | Frülingsmorgen 1942 | 5'-6' | 3.5'-4' | Medium | Early Summer |
R. 'Max Graf' | Max Graf 1919 | 2'-2.5' | 8'-10' | Med. Fine | Midsummer |
R. Rugosa Hansa | Hansa Rose 1905 | 4'-5' | 5'-6' | Medium | Summer-Frost |
R. 'Scabrosa' | Scabrosa 1950 | 5'-6' | 4'-5' | Medium | Summer-Frost |
R. 'Schneezwerg' | Schneezwerg 1912 | 3'-4' | 3'-4' | Medium | Summer-Frost |
R. 'Therese Bugnet' | Therese Bugnet 1950 | 5'-6' | 4'-5' | Medium | Summer-Frost |
Rosa 'Dorothy Perkins' | 'Dorothy Perkins' Rose 1901 |   | Climber | Medium | Summer |
Rosa 'F.J. Grootendorst' | F.J.Grootendorst Rose 1918 | 5'-6' | 4'-5' | Medium | Summer |
Rosa 'Scabrosa' | Scabrosa Rose 1950 | 3'-4' | 3'-4' | Medium | Summer |
Rudbeckia laciniata 'Golden Glow' | Cutleaf Coneflower 1908 | 72" | 48"-60" | Medium | Summer |
Rugosa rosa 'Belle Poitvine' | Rugosa Rose | 3 1/2'-4' | 3 1/2'-4' | Medium | Summer |
Syringa meyeri | Meyer Lilac 1908 | 4'-8' | 6'-10' | Med. Fine | Spring |
Syringa microphylla | Littleleaf Lilac 1910 | 6' | 9'-12' | Medium | Summer-Fall |
Syringa patula | Manchurian Lilac 1902 | 3'-6' | 3'-5' | Med. Fine | Spring |
Syringa oblata | Early Lilac 1917 | 4'-8' | 5'-10' | Med. Fine | Spring |
Viburnum rafinesquianum | Downy Arrowwood | 6' | 6' | Medium | Spring-Fall |
  |   |   |   |   |   |
Vines |   |   |   |   |   |
Clematis 'Madame Edouard Andre' | Clematis 1905 | 6'-8' |   | Medium | Summer |
Tripterygium regelii | Regels Threewingnut 1904 | 30' |   | Med.Coarse | Summer |
Wisteria sinensis | Chinese Wisteria 1908 [zone 5] | 100' |   | Medium | Late Spring |
  |   |   |   |   |   |
Trees • Native |   |   |   |   |   |
Acer mandchuricum | Manchurian Maple 1904 | 30'-40' | 25'-35' | Medium | Fall |
Acer triflorum | Three-leaf Maple 1923 | 20'-30' | 20'-30' | Medium | Fall |
Acer pseudosieboldianum | Korean Maple 1903 | 15'-25' | 15'-25' | Med. Fine | Fall |
Aesculus arguta | • Texas Buckeye | 15'-20' | 15'-20' | Med.Coarse | Spring, Fall |
Castanea mollissima | Chinese Chestnut | 40'-60' | 40'-60' | Medium | Summer |
Catalpa bungei | Beijing Catalpa 1919 | 25' | 25' | Coarse | Summer |
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis | • Alaska Cedar | 100' | 25' | Medium | Evergreen |
Malus ioensis 'Plena' | Iowa Crab 1919 | 20' | 25' | Medium | Late Spring |
Picea glauca 'Densata' | Black Hills Spruce | 20'-40' | 15'-25' | Medium | Evergreen |
Populus jackii | Jacky Poplar | 30'-100' | 15'-45' | Medium | Summer |
Populus tremula 'Erecta' | Upright European Aspen | 70'-90' | 10'-15' | Medium | Summer |
Prunus mandshurica | Manchurian Apricot | 15'-20' | 15'-20' | Medium | Spring |
* Grasses listed are identified by date introduced or are native. This is following the assumption that by this time most native plants in America are identified and in use. Non-native grasses, where positive dates are not known may be in use at this time but are not included in this chart. |